白垩纪冠雄蚁揭示了现代蚁族的兴起。

IF 4 1区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Qiong Wu, Alexander G Radchenko, Michael S Engel, Xiao-Qin Li, Hong-Ru Yang, Xing-Ru Li, Chung-Kun Shih, Dong Ren, Tai-Ping Gao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

大多数被描述的中生代蚂蚁属于只存在于白垩纪的茎类群。在此之前,最早的冠蚁是在美国、哈萨克斯坦和博茨瓦纳发现的土龙纪(晚白垩世,约9400万-9000万年前)沉积物中发现的。然而,最近在克钦琥珀中发现了一种来自最早的仙人掌纪(约 99 Ma)的雌蚁,代表了一个新的属和种 Antiquiformica alata,这修正了关于蚂蚁多样化的叙述。Antiquiformica与所有已知的雄性茎蚁有明显的区别,因为它的触角呈膝状,花葶拉得很长,远远超过了头部的枕缘和漏斗的一半长度,而且它的前翅脉序部分减少。此外,单节的腰部具有发达的节,拉长的喙延伸到枕骨边缘之外,前翅脉络减少,尤其是 m-cu 和 rs-m 交脉完全减少,并且没有 rm 和 mcu 闭合细胞,这些特征将该化石牢牢地归入了现生的甲壳亚科。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)证实,含有 Antiquiformica alata 的琥珀产自缅甸克钦邦矿区。这一发现极大地修正了我们对甲壳动物科(Formicinae)早期演化的认识。Antiquiformica在仙人沼泽琥珀中的出现表明,至少在晚白垩世开始时就出现了甲壳亚科,而冠蚁很可能起源于更早的早白垩世,或者可能起源于晚侏罗世,尽管缺乏古生物学证据来支持后一种假设。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cretaceous crown male ant reveals the rise of modern lineages.

Most described Mesozoic ants belong to stem groups that existed only during the Cretaceous period. Previously, the earliest known crown ants were dated to the Turonian (Late Cretaceous, ca. 94-90 million years ago (Ma)) deposits found in the USA, Kazakhstan, and Botswana. However, the recent discovery of an alate male ant in Kachin amber from the earliest Cenomanian (ca. 99 Ma), representing a new genus and species, Antiquiformica alata, revises the narrative on ant diversification. Antiquiformica can be distinctly differentiated from all known male stem ants by its geniculate antennae with elongated scape, extending far beyond the occipital margin of the head and half the length of the funiculus, as well as its partly reduced forewing venation. Furthermore, the combination of a one-segmented waist with a well-developed node, elongated scape extending beyond the occipital margin, and reduced forewing venation, particularly the completely reduced m-cu and rs-m crossveins and absence of rm and mcu closed cells, firmly places the fossil within the extant subfamily Formicinae. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the amber containing Antiquiformica alata originated from the Kachin mines in Myanmar. This discovery significantly revises our understanding of the early evolution of Formicinae. The presence of Antiquiformica in Cenomanian amber indicates that the subfamily Formicinae emerged at least by the start of the Late Cretaceous, with crown ants likely originating earlier during the earliest Cretaceous or possibly the Late Jurassic, although paleontological evidence is lacking to support the latter hypothesis.

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来源期刊
Zoological Research
Zoological Research Medicine-General Medicine
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
10.20%
发文量
1937
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Established in 1980, Zoological Research (ZR) is a bimonthly publication produced by Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the China Zoological Society. It publishes peer-reviewed original research article/review/report/note/letter to the editor/editorial in English on Primates and Animal Models, Conservation and Utilization of Animal Resources, and Animal Diversity and Evolution.
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