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引用次数: 0
摘要
2011),但这些研究通常基于产生的种子数量,而没有考虑到许多种子可能是自交的,并可能遭受近交抑郁(Lloyd,1992)。这些研究也没有考虑花内自交与包括同株异花授粉在内的自交的影响。尽管花内自交和花间自交在遗传学上是相同的,但它们对花卉性状的进化有着不同的影响。例如,通过减少花序中同时出现的花朵数量来减少花朵展示可能是避免同花异株自交的有效机制(Harder & Barrett, 1995; Karron et al.如果我们要全面了解选择如何影响花内雄性和雌性功能分配的时间和数量,我们就需要考虑这些性状不仅如何影响所产种子的数量,而且如何影响种子的质量(以及生殖成功的雄性成分)。据我们所知,几乎所有表型选择研究都没有考虑近亲繁殖的潜在后果,少数考虑近亲繁殖后果的研究是在近亲繁殖抑制水平未知的人工实验阵列中进行的(如 Briscoe Runquist 等人,2017 年;Hou 等人,2024 年)。因此,交配系统的变异和近亲繁殖抑制的后果如何改变野生种群对不同性状的选择仍是一个未决问题。在此,我们询问花朵水平上性别分配的数量和时间如何影响花内自交,进而影响季节性繁殖成功的雌性成分。我们估算了昆虫授粉和自交不亲和物种高山白头翁(Pulsatilla alpina)种群的花内自交率和自交后代的近交抑郁程度,以确定自交率和雌性繁殖成功率如何取决于花的性别分配、物候和附属花性状。由于研究种群主要由只有一朵花的个体组成,我们可以在花的水平上分配父本,从而将对适应性的贡献与单朵花的性状联系起来。虽然花朵的雌蕊和雄蕊数量有很大差异,但我们通过去除种群中随机子集花朵的雄蕊进一步加强了这种差异,这种处理也产生了纯雌花,而这种花在阿尔卑斯山上是不会出现的。我们通过计算单朵花通过外交和花内自交产生的种子来估算季节性繁殖成功率中的雌性成分,同时考虑近交抑郁对适应性的负面影响。然后,我们对两种近交抑制情况下性状的表型选择进行了量化。我们具体探讨了以下问题。(1)花内自交率如何取决于花内雌蕊和雄蕊的数量、开花时间以及两个附属花性状? 2)近交抑郁的程度如何?(3) 由于花内自交对这些性状的依赖性,近交抑郁对这些性状的选择模式有何影响?
期刊介绍:
Journal of Ecology publishes original research papers on all aspects of the ecology of plants (including algae), in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. We do not publish papers concerned solely with cultivated plants and agricultural ecosystems. Studies of plant communities, populations or individual species are accepted, as well as studies of the interactions between plants and animals, fungi or bacteria, providing they focus on the ecology of the plants.
We aim to bring important work using any ecological approach (including molecular techniques) to a wide international audience and therefore only publish papers with strong and ecological messages that advance our understanding of ecological principles.