测试丛枝菌根真菌和蚂蚁对马铃薯植株上昆虫食草行为的共同影响。

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Planta Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI:10.1007/s00425-024-04492-1
Xoaquín Moreira, Lucía Martín-Cacheda, Gabriela Quiroga, Beatriz Lago-Núñez, Gregory Röder, Luis Abdala-Roberts
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引用次数: 0

摘要

主要结论蚂蚁(而非菌根)对马铃薯植株上昆虫啃食叶片的草食性有明显影响。然而,没有证据表明互生植物对草食性有交互影响。植物与地上和地下的互生者都有联系,其中两个突出的例子分别是蚂蚁和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)。虽然对这两种互生关系进行了广泛的研究,但对它们对植物的独立和交互(非加成)效应进行联合操作测试的情况却很少见。为了填补这一空白,我们联合测试了蚂蚁和AMF对攻击马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)植物的啃叶昆虫的食草作用的影响,并进一步测定了可能介导互生植物对食草作用的植物性状。在一项田间试验中,我们对AMF(两个水平:对照和菌根化)和蚂蚁(两个水平:排除和存在)的存在进行了因素操纵,并量化了作为直接防御手段的叶片酚类化合物的浓度,以及可能介导直接防御(如驱赶食草动物)或间接防御(如吸引蚂蚁)的植物挥发性有机化合物(VOC)排放量。此外,我们还测量了蚂蚁的数量,并进行了双选温室实验,测试挥发性有机化合物混合物(模拟对照植物与接种 AMF 的植物所排放的挥发性有机化合物)对蚂蚁吸引的影响,以此作为间接防御机制。蚂蚁的存在大大减少了草食性,而菌根对草食性没有明显的影响,互利效应独立运作。植物性状测量结果表明,菌根化对叶片酚类物质没有影响,但却大大增加了挥发性有机化合物的排放量。不过,菌根化对蚂蚁的数量没有影响,也没有证据表明 AMF 通过蚂蚁介导的防御对草食性产生影响。同样,双重选择试验也表明,AMF 诱导的挥发性混合物对蚂蚁的吸引力没有影响。总之,这些结果表明,马铃薯植株上的草食性主要受自上而下(蚂蚁介导的)而非自下而上(AMF 介导的)的控制,这种效应的不对称性可能排除了互生植物对草食性的非加成效应。我们需要对这一植物系统以及其他植物系统进行进一步研究,以探讨在何种生态环境下更有可能或更不可能出现互生互动效应,以及它们对植物适应性和相关群落的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Testing the joint effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ants on insect herbivory on potato plants.

Testing the joint effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ants on insect herbivory on potato plants.

Main conclusion: Ants, but not mycorrhizae, significantly affected insect leaf-chewing herbivory on potato plants. However, there was no evidence of mutualistic interactive effects on herbivory. Plants associate with both aboveground and belowground mutualists, two prominent examples being ants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), respectively. While both of these mutualisms have been extensively studied, joint manipulations testing their independent and interactive (non-additive) effects on plants are rare. To address this gap, we conducted a joint test of ant and AMF effects on herbivory by leaf-chewing insects attacking potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants, and further measured plant traits likely mediating mutualist effects on herbivory. In a field experiment, we factorially manipulated the presence of AMF (two levels: control and mycorrhization) and ants (two levels: exclusion and presence) and quantified the concentration of leaf phenolic compounds acting as direct defenses, as well as plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions potentially mediating direct (e.g., herbivore repellents) or indirect (e.g., ant attractants) defense. Moreover, we measured ant abundance and performed a dual-choice greenhouse experiment testing for effects of VOC blends (mimicking those emitted by control vs. AMF-inoculated plants) on ant attraction as a mechanism for indirect defense. Ant presence significantly reduced herbivory whereas mycorrhization had no detectable influence on herbivory and mutualist effects operated independently. Plant trait measurements indicated that mycorrhization had no effect on leaf phenolics but significantly increased VOC emissions. However, mycorrhization did not affect ant abundance and there was no evidence of AMF effects on herbivory operating via ant-mediated defense. Consistently, the dual-choice assay showed no effect of AMF-induced volatile blends on ant attraction. Together, these results suggest that herbivory on potato plants responds mainly to top-down (ant-mediated) rather than bottom-up (AMF-mediated) control, an asymmetry in effects which could have precluded mutualist non-additive effects on herbivory. Further research on this, as well as other plant systems, is needed to examine the ecological contexts under which mutualist interactive effects are more or less likely to emerge and their impacts on plant fitness and associated communities.

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来源期刊
Planta
Planta 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
2.30%
发文量
217
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Planta publishes timely and substantial articles on all aspects of plant biology. We welcome original research papers on any plant species. Areas of interest include biochemistry, bioenergy, biotechnology, cell biology, development, ecological and environmental physiology, growth, metabolism, morphogenesis, molecular biology, new methods, physiology, plant-microbe interactions, structural biology, and systems biology.
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