Alice Brambilla, Noel Zehnder, Bruno Bassano, Luca Rossi, Christine Grossen
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引用次数: 0
摘要
提高对人为杂交的原因和影响的认识是确保物种保护的基础,尤其是野生物种与其家养近缘种之间的杂交。由于缺乏适当的杂交鉴定工具,许多物种的相关知识还很缺乏。在这里,我们结合基因型和表型分析,对阿尔卑斯山山羊(Capra ibex)正在进行的杂交进行了广泛调查。通过对 63 个诊断性 SNP 和 465 个中性 SNP、20 个疑似杂交种和 126 个无可疑表型的阿尔卑斯山山羊(代表物种分布主要地区的 8 个种群)进行基因分型,我们发现了阿尔卑斯山山羊与家山羊持续杂交的证据。我们发现了不同程度的杂交,包括与阿尔卑斯山山羊和家山羊的回交。我们的研究结果表明,这两个物种之间缺乏繁殖障碍,杂交后代的存活率和繁殖成功率都很高。杂交在局部地区十分激烈,就像杂交群一样,但并没有扩散到物种分布的其他地区。大多数杂交种都是在意大利西北部的两个地方发现的,而对不同地区的个体进行随机取样并不能提供近期杂交的证据。我们的方法基于专门为此目的开发的 63 个诊断性 SNP 的扩增子测序,使我们能够识别第四代至第五代的杂交种和回交种,并且适用于不同质量的基因样本,尽管对杂交后的确切代数有不同程度的确定性。根据基因型和表型的配对分析,我们提供了在田间首次鉴定杂交种的指南,并提出了可靠鉴定杂交种的程序。
Genetic evidence of a hybrid swarm between Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) and domestic goat (C. hircus)
Improving the understanding of the causes and effects of anthropogenic hybridization is fundamental to ensure species conservation, particularly in the case of hybridization between wild species and their domestic relatives. Knowledge is missing for many species also because of a lack of appropriate tools for hybrid identification. Here, coupling genotype and phenotype analysis, we carried out an extensive investigation of ongoing hybridization in Alpine ibex Capra ibex, a mountain ungulate of conservation concern from a genetic perspective. By genotyping 63 diagnostic and 465 neutral SNPs, 20 suspected hybrids and 126 Alpine ibex without suspicious phenotype, representing 8 populations across a major part of the species distribution, we found evidence for ongoing hybridization between Alpine ibex and domestic goat. We identified different levels of hybridization including backcrosses into both Alpine ibex and domestic goat. Our results suggest a lack of reproductive barriers between the two species and good survival and reproductive success of the hybrids. Hybridization was locally intense, like a hybrid swarm, but not spread across the rest of the species distribution. Most of the hybrids were discovered in two locations in the north-west of Italy, while random sampling of individuals from different areas did not provide evidence of recent hybridization. Our method, based on amplicon sequencing of 63 diagnostic SNPs specifically developed for this purpose, allowed us to identify hybrids and backcrosses up to the fourth to fifth generations and was suitable for genetic samples of different quality, although with varying levels of certainty regarding the exact number of generations passed since hybridization. Based on the paired analysis of genotype and phenotype, we provide guidelines for the first identification of hybrids in the field and suggest a procedure for the reliable identification of hybrids.
期刊介绍:
Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.