Use of oilseed crops biomass for heavy metal treatment in water

The treatment of heavy metals in water is of high importance worldwide, and different treatment types have been developed. The use of plant material is becoming more and more important, and oilseed crops biomass have been investigated in terms of phytoremediation and biosorption processes. This article is a review of the literature reporting the applications in 10 different plants and evaluating the removal efficiencies for 12 metals, including the findings of 81 publications. Moringa olifera and Helianthus annuus are the most studied plants, whereas Cu (21.9%), Cd (18.5%), and Pb (19.9%) are the most studied metals. As a result, it was found that more than 90% of Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cr, Sr and Mn showed removals in their experiments. At the same time, the variables most related to the efficiency of metal removal are pH, temperature, and contact time. This article includes a review of the biosorption isotherms used in the different studies.