{"title":"COVID-19 大流行如何影响人道主义紧急情况下的抗生素消费?五种人道主义情况下的结果。","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100385","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Both high- and low-income countries reported increased antibiotic consumption among COVID-19 patients during the first months of the pandemic. To date, however, no studies have examined changes in antibiotic consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic within humanitarian emergency contexts.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Data was collected by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) for the years 2018–2021 across the following humanitarian settings: Afghanistan (Lashkar Gah), Bangladesh (Kutupalong), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Mweso and Baraka), and South Sudan (Bentiu). Inpatient and outpatient antibiotic consumption was calculated as Daily Defined Dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day, as per the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to analyse retrospective monthly antibiotic consumption. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated as total antibiotic consumption and according to WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) group classifications within each humanitarian setting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic had no statistically significant impact on total antibiotic consumption in South Sudan (Bentiu) and Bangladesh (Kutupalong). Similarly, the pandemic had no impact on total antibiotic consumption in DR Congo (Baraka), despite an initial 0.27% (estimate=.274, p-value=0.006) increase in March 2020 driven by Access group antibiotics. Meanwhile, total antibiotic consumption in DR Congo (Mweso) and Afghanistan (Lashkar Gah) declined by 0.74% (estimate = −.744, p = 0.003) and 0.26% (estimate = −.26, p < 0.001), respectively with the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further studies are required to investigate what may have contributed to these results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000490/pdfft?md5=5ad2a6afb432bb553d59c9b69d07fad7&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000490-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect antibiotic consumption within humanitarian emergencies? Results from five humanitarian contexts\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100385\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Both high- and low-income countries reported increased antibiotic consumption among COVID-19 patients during the first months of the pandemic. To date, however, no studies have examined changes in antibiotic consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic within humanitarian emergency contexts.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Data was collected by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) for the years 2018–2021 across the following humanitarian settings: Afghanistan (Lashkar Gah), Bangladesh (Kutupalong), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Mweso and Baraka), and South Sudan (Bentiu). Inpatient and outpatient antibiotic consumption was calculated as Daily Defined Dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day, as per the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to analyse retrospective monthly antibiotic consumption. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated as total antibiotic consumption and according to WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) group classifications within each humanitarian setting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The COVID-19 pandemic had no statistically significant impact on total antibiotic consumption in South Sudan (Bentiu) and Bangladesh (Kutupalong). Similarly, the pandemic had no impact on total antibiotic consumption in DR Congo (Baraka), despite an initial 0.27% (estimate=.274, p-value=0.006) increase in March 2020 driven by Access group antibiotics. Meanwhile, total antibiotic consumption in DR Congo (Mweso) and Afghanistan (Lashkar Gah) declined by 0.74% (estimate = −.744, p = 0.003) and 0.26% (estimate = −.26, p < 0.001), respectively with the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further studies are required to investigate what may have contributed to these results.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":33492,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Infection Prevention in Practice\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000490/pdfft?md5=5ad2a6afb432bb553d59c9b69d07fad7&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000490-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Infection Prevention in Practice\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000490\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Infection Prevention in Practice","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000490","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
How did the COVID-19 pandemic affect antibiotic consumption within humanitarian emergencies? Results from five humanitarian contexts
Introduction
Both high- and low-income countries reported increased antibiotic consumption among COVID-19 patients during the first months of the pandemic. To date, however, no studies have examined changes in antibiotic consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic within humanitarian emergency contexts.
Method
Data was collected by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) for the years 2018–2021 across the following humanitarian settings: Afghanistan (Lashkar Gah), Bangladesh (Kutupalong), the Democratic Republic of Congo (Mweso and Baraka), and South Sudan (Bentiu). Inpatient and outpatient antibiotic consumption was calculated as Daily Defined Dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day, as per the World Health Organisation's (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to analyse retrospective monthly antibiotic consumption. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic was evaluated as total antibiotic consumption and according to WHO Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) group classifications within each humanitarian setting.
Results
The COVID-19 pandemic had no statistically significant impact on total antibiotic consumption in South Sudan (Bentiu) and Bangladesh (Kutupalong). Similarly, the pandemic had no impact on total antibiotic consumption in DR Congo (Baraka), despite an initial 0.27% (estimate=.274, p-value=0.006) increase in March 2020 driven by Access group antibiotics. Meanwhile, total antibiotic consumption in DR Congo (Mweso) and Afghanistan (Lashkar Gah) declined by 0.74% (estimate = −.744, p = 0.003) and 0.26% (estimate = −.26, p < 0.001), respectively with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
Further studies are required to investigate what may have contributed to these results.