Advances in nanohydrolase-based pollutant sensing

Harmful pollutants, such as pesticides, heavy metal ions, and antibiotics, pose significant threats to global food security and ecological safety; seriously damage human health; and hinder the green and sustainable development of modern society. Therefore, there is an urgent need for methods to accurate detect these harmful pollutants. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in nanomimetic research on hydrolases, which are the most common and abundant class of natural enzymes. Researchers have developed a variety of biomimetic hydrolases (also known as nanohydrolases) based on nanomaterials for detecting harmful contaminants (including pesticides, antibiotics, and heavy metal ions) in food and ecological environments. However, to date, there have been few reviews on the use of nanohydrolases for pollutant sensing. Herein, we classify the carrier materials and the types of chemical bonds hydrolyzed by nanohydrolases. Then, we summarize the application of nanohydrolases for sensing harmful pollutants. This study provides guidance for the development of nanohydrolases and contributes to the expansion of nanoenzyme-based sensing of environmental pollutants.