Current status and future development of quantum computing

To overcome the scaling limitations of conventional semiconductor chips, quantum computing has emerged and experienced significant growth in recent years. Quantum computing utilizes resources such as quantum superposition and quantum entanglement to encode and process information. Compared to classical computing, this technology can provide exponential acceleration in the field of ultra-large-scale parallel computing. Consequently, its practical application is anticipated to have profound impacts on information and related technologies. The paper employs a comparative analysis approach to systematically examine the research progress of quantum computer technology. Specifically, the study emphasizes the analysis and consolidation of various quantum computing technology routes, critically evaluates their advantages and disadvantages, and provides a foresight into their future development trends. Currently, research on quantum computing technology is in its early stages and is evolving rapidly. Multiple technical paths are being pursued, resulting in a diverse and competitive landscape that is expected to persist in the short term, as it will take some time before the practical application of quantum computers becomes feasible.