Amanda M. Norton, Gabriele Buchmann, Alyson Ashe, Owen T. Watson, Madeleine Beekman, Emily J. Remnant
{"title":"畸形翅病毒基因A型和B型不会在天真蜜蜂宿主体内引起不同的免疫反应","authors":"Amanda M. Norton, Gabriele Buchmann, Alyson Ashe, Owen T. Watson, Madeleine Beekman, Emily J. Remnant","doi":"10.1111/imb.12948","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Iflavirus aladeformis</jats:italic> (Picornavirales: Iflaviridae), commonly known as deformed wing virus(DWV), in association with <jats:italic>Varroa destructor</jats:italic> Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), is a leading factor associated with honey bee (<jats:italic>Apis mellifera L.</jats:italic> [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) deaths. The virus and mite have a near global distribution, making it difficult to separate the effect of one from the other. The prevalence of two main DWV genotypes (DWV‐A and DWV‐B) has changed over time, leading to the possibility that the two strains elicit a different immune response by the host. Here, we use a honey bee population naïve to both the mite and the virus to investigate if honey bees show a different immunological response to DWV genotypes. We examined the expression of 19 immune genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and analysed small RNA after experimental injection with DWV‐A and DWV‐B. We found no evidence that DWV‐A and DWV‐B elicit different immune responses in honey bees. RNA interference genes were up‐regulated during DWV infection, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) responses were proportional to viral loads yet did not inhibit DWV accumulation. The siRNA response towards DWV was weaker than the response to another honey bee pathogen, <jats:italic>Triatovirus nigereginacellulae</jats:italic> (Picornavirales: Dicistroviridae; black queen cell virus), suggesting that DWV is comparatively better at evading host antiviral defences. There was no evidence for the production of virus‐derived Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in response to DWV. In contrast to previous studies, and in the absence of <jats:italic>V</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>destructor</jats:italic>, we found no evidence that DWV has an immunosuppressive effect. Overall, our results advance our understanding of the immunological effect that DWV in isolation elicits in honey bees.","PeriodicalId":13526,"journal":{"name":"Insect Molecular Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Deformed wing virus genotypes A and B do not elicit immunologically different responses in naïve honey bee hosts\",\"authors\":\"Amanda M. Norton, Gabriele Buchmann, Alyson Ashe, Owen T. Watson, Madeleine Beekman, Emily J. Remnant\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/imb.12948\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<jats:italic>Iflavirus aladeformis</jats:italic> (Picornavirales: Iflaviridae), commonly known as deformed wing virus(DWV), in association with <jats:italic>Varroa destructor</jats:italic> Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), is a leading factor associated with honey bee (<jats:italic>Apis mellifera L.</jats:italic> [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) deaths. The virus and mite have a near global distribution, making it difficult to separate the effect of one from the other. The prevalence of two main DWV genotypes (DWV‐A and DWV‐B) has changed over time, leading to the possibility that the two strains elicit a different immune response by the host. Here, we use a honey bee population naïve to both the mite and the virus to investigate if honey bees show a different immunological response to DWV genotypes. We examined the expression of 19 immune genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and analysed small RNA after experimental injection with DWV‐A and DWV‐B. We found no evidence that DWV‐A and DWV‐B elicit different immune responses in honey bees. RNA interference genes were up‐regulated during DWV infection, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) responses were proportional to viral loads yet did not inhibit DWV accumulation. The siRNA response towards DWV was weaker than the response to another honey bee pathogen, <jats:italic>Triatovirus nigereginacellulae</jats:italic> (Picornavirales: Dicistroviridae; black queen cell virus), suggesting that DWV is comparatively better at evading host antiviral defences. There was no evidence for the production of virus‐derived Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in response to DWV. In contrast to previous studies, and in the absence of <jats:italic>V</jats:italic>. <jats:italic>destructor</jats:italic>, we found no evidence that DWV has an immunosuppressive effect. 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Deformed wing virus genotypes A and B do not elicit immunologically different responses in naïve honey bee hosts
Iflavirus aladeformis (Picornavirales: Iflaviridae), commonly known as deformed wing virus(DWV), in association with Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), is a leading factor associated with honey bee (Apis mellifera L. [Hymenoptera: Apidae]) deaths. The virus and mite have a near global distribution, making it difficult to separate the effect of one from the other. The prevalence of two main DWV genotypes (DWV‐A and DWV‐B) has changed over time, leading to the possibility that the two strains elicit a different immune response by the host. Here, we use a honey bee population naïve to both the mite and the virus to investigate if honey bees show a different immunological response to DWV genotypes. We examined the expression of 19 immune genes by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and analysed small RNA after experimental injection with DWV‐A and DWV‐B. We found no evidence that DWV‐A and DWV‐B elicit different immune responses in honey bees. RNA interference genes were up‐regulated during DWV infection, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) responses were proportional to viral loads yet did not inhibit DWV accumulation. The siRNA response towards DWV was weaker than the response to another honey bee pathogen, Triatovirus nigereginacellulae (Picornavirales: Dicistroviridae; black queen cell virus), suggesting that DWV is comparatively better at evading host antiviral defences. There was no evidence for the production of virus‐derived Piwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in response to DWV. In contrast to previous studies, and in the absence of V. destructor, we found no evidence that DWV has an immunosuppressive effect. Overall, our results advance our understanding of the immunological effect that DWV in isolation elicits in honey bees.
期刊介绍:
Insect Molecular Biology has been dedicated to providing researchers with the opportunity to publish high quality original research on topics broadly related to insect molecular biology since 1992. IMB is particularly interested in publishing research in insect genomics/genes and proteomics/proteins.
This includes research related to:
• insect gene structure
• control of gene expression
• localisation and function/activity of proteins
• interactions of proteins and ligands/substrates
• effect of mutations on gene/protein function
• evolution of insect genes/genomes, especially where principles relevant to insects in general are established
• molecular population genetics where data are used to identify genes (or regions of genomes) involved in specific adaptations
• gene mapping using molecular tools
• molecular interactions of insects with microorganisms including Wolbachia, symbionts and viruses or other pathogens transmitted by insects
Papers can include large data sets e.g.from micro-array or proteomic experiments or analyses of genome sequences done in silico (subject to the data being placed in the context of hypothesis testing).