A review of material design for high performance triboelectric nanogenerators: performance improvement based on charge generation and charge loss

As a type of innovative device, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect. Based on the working mechanism, the output performance of TENGs heavily relies on the triboelectric materials used. The modification of triboelectric materials is the most efficient way to improve the output performance of TENGs. Herein, this review focuses on the recent progress in triboelectric material design for high-performance TENGs. First, the basic theory of TENGs is introduced. Second, the relationship between the triboelectric materials and the output performance of TENGs is summarized in detail based on a theoretical model of the triboelectric charge dynamic equilibrium. Furthermore, the relevant strategies are analyzed in detail. Finally, challenges and shortcomings of the triboelectric materials for high-performance TENGs are discussed. This review provides a basis for the research status and future development of triboelectric materials.