颠覆性数据:2016年至2022年《生物多样性公约》数字序列信息谈判期间,获取和惠益分享话语如何构建观点和决策

IF 8.6 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
B.E. (Bob) Kreiken , B.J.M. (Bas) Arts
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2016年,《生物多样性公约》关于获取和惠益分享政策的谈判因数字序列信息(DSI)成为政策问题而受到冲击。基因数据库中遗传资源数字序列信息的开放获取是数据驱动生物研究的标准做法,但这种获取被认为绕过了《公约》的获取和惠益分享政策。由于缔约方和观察员必须就管理 DSI 采取立场,本研究通过论证性话语分析调查了话语对谈判的影响。国际环境谈判中的参与者有意无意地调动 "背景 "话语来定义和 "突出 "问题,进而影响谈判和决策过程。分析表明,关于获取和利益分享以及生物多样性的现有论述构建了行为者旨在界定设计、体制和创新的声明,从而在设计、体制和创新的背景下应用和重新定义了获取和利益分享原则。利益相似但略有不同的行动者在共同故事情节的基础上形成了话语联盟。发展中国家形成了一个单独的话语联盟,以推动 DSI 法规的制定,其中纳入了可持续发展和环境正义的理念,并在较小程度上纳入了生物剽窃(开放 DSI 使遗传资源和相关传统知识被盗用的理念)的理念。作为回应,发达国家采纳了工业界和研究界提出的论点,主张开放 DSI 对科学、生物多样性保护和可持续发展至关重要。第三个联盟由土著人民、地方社区和民间社会组成,也动员了环境正义和生物剽窃论述,但更突出的是关于自然的独特整体论述。最后,整体论和生物海盗论在官方谈判文件中被边缘化,而科学和可持续发展论则在官方谈判文件中被采纳。这项研究对作为话语政治的 DSI 谈判提供了一种新的理解,并强调了在这一政治舞台上,话语中的不同立场是如何结构化和被声明结构化的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Disruptive data: How access and benefit-sharing discourses structured ideas and decisions during the Convention on Biological Diversity negotiations over digital sequence information from 2016 to 2022

In 2016, negotiations of the Convention on Biological Diversity on access and benefit-sharing policies were shaken up by the emergence of digital sequence information (DSI) as policy issue. Open access to DSI on genetic resources in genetic databases is standard practice in data-driven biological research, but such access was argued to bypass access and benefit-sharing policies of the Convention. As Parties and observers had to take a position on governing DSI, this research investigated the influence of discourses on the negotiations through argumentative discourse analysis. Actors in international environmental negotiations mobilize ‘background’ discourses – both consciously and unconsciously – to define and ‘foreground’ issues, which in turn shape negotiation and decision-making processes. The analysis shows that existing discourses on access and benefit-sharing and biodiversity structured actors’ statements aimed at defining DSI, thus applying and redefining access and benefit-sharing principles in the context of DSI. Actors with similar and slightly varying interests formed discourse-coalitions on the basis of shared storylines. Developing countries formed a separate discourse-coalition to push for DSI regulation wherein ideas about sustainable development and environmental justice were integrated, and to a lesser extent about biopiracy (the notion that open access to DSI enables the misappropriation of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge). In response, developed countries adopted narratives put forward by industry and research, advocating that open access to DSI is essential for science, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. A third coalition, consisting of Indigenous peoples and local communities and civil society, also mobilized environmental justice and biopiracy discourses, but more prominently a unique holistic discourse on nature. Finally, holistic and biopiracy discourses were marginalized in official negotiation documents, while scientific and sustainable development discourses were adopted in official negotiation documents. The research provides a novel understanding of the DSI-negotiations as discursive politics, and highlights how different positionalities in discourses structure and are structured by statements in this political arena.

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来源期刊
Global Environmental Change
Global Environmental Change 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
18.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
146
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Global Environmental Change is a prestigious international journal that publishes articles of high quality, both theoretically and empirically rigorous. The journal aims to contribute to the understanding of global environmental change from the perspectives of human and policy dimensions. Specifically, it considers global environmental change as the result of processes occurring at the local level, but with wide-ranging impacts on various spatial, temporal, and socio-political scales. In terms of content, the journal seeks articles with a strong social science component. This includes research that examines the societal drivers and consequences of environmental change, as well as social and policy processes that aim to address these challenges. While the journal covers a broad range of topics, including biodiversity and ecosystem services, climate, coasts, food systems, land use and land cover, oceans, urban areas, and water resources, it also welcomes contributions that investigate the drivers, consequences, and management of other areas affected by environmental change. Overall, Global Environmental Change encourages research that deepens our understanding of the complex interactions between human activities and the environment, with the goal of informing policy and decision-making.
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