施用硅酸盐可缓解夜间增温对中国南方水稻生长、产量和品质的抑制作用

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Yunsheng Lou, Yan Liu, Defeng Pan, Junhong Guo, Huilin Yang, Dongxue Zhou, Lixuan Ren
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引用次数: 0

摘要

夜间增温降低了中国南方水稻的单产,而施用硅酸盐则提高了产量和抗逆性。施用硅酸盐对夜温条件下水稻生长、产量和品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究进行了一项田间试验,以研究在夜间增温条件下施用硅酸盐对水稻生长期的生长、产量和品质的影响。加温设置为两个水平,即环境温度(CK)和夜间加温(NW)。本研究采用开放式被动夜间增温,即在夜间(19:00-6:00)用铝箔反光膜覆盖水稻冠层。硅酸盐肥料(钢渣)的施用量分为两个等级,即 Si0(0 kg SiO2-hm-2)和 Si1(200 kg SiO2-hm-2)。结果表明,与对照相比,在水稻生长期间,水稻冠层和 5 厘米土层的夜间平均温度分别升高了 0.51°C-0.59°C 和 0.28°C-0.41°C。在夜间增温条件下,施用硅酸盐可使灌浆成熟期的嫩梢干重、全株干重和产量分别增加 64.1%、55.3% 和 7.1%。施用硅酸盐会明显降低水稻的干物质转移率(15%-18%),但会明显提高根芽比(0.39-0.41)。在夜间增温条件下,施用硅酸盐可显著提高碾米率、头米率和总淀粉含量,增幅分别为 2.3%、2.5% 和 41.8%。夜间增温降低了有效穗数、结实率和千粒重,但增加了空糠粒,从而降低了产量。供应硅酸盐可增加有效圆锥花序数、每圆锥花序的饱满粒数、结实率和千粒重,但会减少空糠粒,从而提高产量。这项研究表明,供应硅酸盐可有效缓解夜间增温对中国南方单季稻生长、产量和品质的抑制作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Silicate Application Alleviated the Depressive Impacts of Nighttime Warming on the Rice Growth, Yield and Quality in Southern China

Nighttime warming decreased single rice production in southern China, while silicate supply increased the yield and stress resistance. It is still unclear regarding the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality in rice under nighttime warming. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming. The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW). The open passive nighttime warming was used in this study, that is, rice canopy was covered with aluminium foil reflective film at night (19:00–6:00). Silicate fertiliser (steel slag) was applied at two levels, that is, Si0 (0 kg SiO2·hm−2) and Si1 (200 kg SiO2·hm−2). The results indicated that, compared with the control, the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period, respectively. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1% at the filling-maturity stage, respectively. Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root-shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain. Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain. This study suggests that silicate supply can effectively alleviate the suppressive effects of nighttime warming on single rice growth, yield and quality in Southern China.

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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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