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引用次数: 0
摘要
本文的重点是大英图书馆收藏的一部奇特的论文手稿--哈雷 MS 6940,它是博学的医生塞缪尔-比斯法姆(Samuel Bispham)为英国赞助人和骑手威廉-卡文迪什(William Cavendish,1593-1676 年)创作的,很可能是在 1640 年代中期。哈雷 MS 6940 介于实用医学食谱和理论性糜烂医学论文之间,同时还夹杂着传统的因果关系解释和盖勒尼医学的预防措施,它证明了糜烂医学和盖勒尼医学之间根深蒂固的二分法在 17 世纪中叶的消退。哈雷 MS 6940 还揭示了一位学识渊博的医生是如何利用(并教授如何利用)实践来证实有时也是挑战自己的学识的,这与近期强调药剂师利用学识来巩固其实践的学术研究形成了对立。这份手稿是应一位主要保皇党人的要求而制作的,这位保皇党人既想获得蒸馏和发酵草药的技术,又想提高自己对烈酒、种子和盐类的糜烂概念的认识,因此这份手稿让我们认识到,糜烂艺术比历史学通常所暗示的更能激发更多的人。
Distilling the Art of Distillation in an Unstudied Manuscript of "Chymicall Notions".
This article focuses on a curious manuscript treatise in the British Library, Harley MS 6940, which the learned physician Samuel Bispham composed for the English patron and horseman William Cavendish (1593-1676), most likely in the mid-1640s. Sitting somewhere between a practical medical recipe book and theoretical chymical treatise, while being peppered with traditional causal explanations and Galenic precautions, Harley MS 6940 testifies to the erosion of the entrenched dichotomy between chymical and Galenic medicine in the mid-seventeenth century. Harley MS 6940 also lays bare how a learned physician used (and taught the use of) practice to confirm and sometimes challenge his learning, offering a counterpoint to recent scholarship that underscores the learning that apothecaries used to shore up their practice. Produced at the behest of a leading Royalist who sought both to acquire techniques for distilling and fermenting herbs and to advance his knowledge of chymical conceptions of spirits, seeds, and salts, the manuscript allows us to appreciate that the chymical art animated a broader set of individuals than the historiography often implies.
期刊介绍:
Ambix is an internationally recognised, peer-reviewed quarterly journal devoted to publishing high-quality, original research and book reviews in the intellectual, social and cultural history of alchemy and chemistry. It publishes studies, discussions, and primary sources relevant to the historical experience of all areas related to alchemy and chemistry covering all periods (ancient to modern) and geographical regions. Ambix publishes individual papers, focused thematic sections and larger special issues (either single or double and usually guest-edited). Topics covered by Ambix include, but are not limited to, interactions between alchemy and chemistry and other disciplines; chemical medicine and pharmacy; molecular sciences; practices allied to material, instrumental, institutional and visual cultures; environmental chemistry; the chemical industry; the appearance of alchemy and chemistry within popular culture; biographical and historiographical studies; and the study of issues related to gender, race, and colonial experience within the context of chemistry.