狄德罗的唯物主义

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Ambix Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI:10.1080/00026980.2024.2379961
Charles Wolfe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在下文中,我将探讨狄德罗受化学影响的生命唯物主义。唯物主义曾一度被谴责为 "机械主义",近几十年来,随着学者们重新发现了 "生命唯物主义 "的传统,唯物主义迎来了复兴。有时,这些重新发现依附于过去的某个人物,如玛格丽特-卡文迪什(Margaret Cavendish)的活动物质形而上学,或依附于仍在萌芽中的未来建构,如卡伦-巴拉德(Karen Barad)的量子物理学滋养的 "行动现实主义"(agential realism),它存在于所有物质之中。另一个问题是,这些 "生命 "或 "活动物质 "唯物主义的复兴在多大程度上可以追溯到文艺复兴时期更早的自然主义。在下文中,我将回到狄德罗和他的 "生命唯物主义 "问题。狄德罗既借鉴了古老的传统,赞许地引用了凡-海尔蒙特(Van Helmont)的观点,并对新的生命物质化学作出指示,又使用了科学革命的语言,写道:"我们正处于科学大革命的边缘。在早先的著作中,我试图将这种科学革命的语言与生物学作为一门科学的出现联系起来。在这里,我将重点讨论他的化学唯物主义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Diderot's Vital Materialism.

In what follows I examine Diderot's chemically influenced vital materialism. Once condemned as "mechanistic," materialism has had something of a renaissance in recent decades as scholars have rediscovered a tradition of "vital materialism" which they have opposed to older, cruder forms of the idea, e.g. materialisms full of life, affect, chimiatry, and transformation. Sometimes these rediscoveries have attached themselves to a figure of the past, like Margaret Cavendish's metaphysics of active matter, or to a construct of the still-emerging future, like Karen Barad's quantum physics-nourished "agential realism" present in all of matter. Another question concerns the extent to which these revivals of "vital" or "active-matter" materialism should be traced back to older Renaissance naturalisms. In what follows, I return to Diderot and the question of his "vital materialism." Diderot draws both on older traditions, approvingly citing Van Helmont and gesturing towards a new chemistry of living matter and also speaks the language of scientific revolution, writing that "We are on the verge of a great revolution in the sciences." In earlier work I sought to connect this language of revolution in the sciences to the emergence of biology as a science. Here I focus on his chemically charged materialism.

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来源期刊
Ambix
Ambix HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
60.00%
发文量
42
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Ambix is an internationally recognised, peer-reviewed quarterly journal devoted to publishing high-quality, original research and book reviews in the intellectual, social and cultural history of alchemy and chemistry. It publishes studies, discussions, and primary sources relevant to the historical experience of all areas related to alchemy and chemistry covering all periods (ancient to modern) and geographical regions. Ambix publishes individual papers, focused thematic sections and larger special issues (either single or double and usually guest-edited). Topics covered by Ambix include, but are not limited to, interactions between alchemy and chemistry and other disciplines; chemical medicine and pharmacy; molecular sciences; practices allied to material, instrumental, institutional and visual cultures; environmental chemistry; the chemical industry; the appearance of alchemy and chemistry within popular culture; biographical and historiographical studies; and the study of issues related to gender, race, and colonial experience within the context of chemistry.
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