基于液体电子电离 (LEI) 的直接和非直接 LC-MS 方法的最新发展。

IF 4.2 2区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL
Genny Grasselli, Adriana Arigò, Pierangela Palma, Giorgio Famiglini, Achille Cappiello
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引用次数: 0

摘要

质谱法(MS)可对分子进行精确识别和定量,尤其是与色谱法结合使用时。大气压电离(API)技术的出现使液相色谱法与质谱法(LC-MS)得以有效结合,从而将分析范围扩大到非挥发性和热敏性化合物。API 技术有其局限性,如信息容量和质谱重现性低,增加了仪器的复杂性和成本。其他挑战还包括分析极性差的分子和基质效应(ME),这对定量分析产生了负面影响,因此必须对样品进行大量纯化或使用昂贵的标记标准品。这些限制促使人们探索替代解决方案,最终开发出液体电子电离(LEI)接口。该系统具有出色的稳健性和可重复性。LEI 已被用于分析各种化合物,包括杀虫剂、滥用药物、酚类、多环芳烃 (PAH)、邻苯二甲酸盐等。其多功能性已在单四极杆、三重四极杆和 QToF 检测器、电子电离 (EI) 或化学电离 (CI) 模式以及反相液相色谱 (RPLC) 和正相液相色谱 (NPLC) 中得到验证。LEI 还成功地与微流控开放界面 (MOI)、膜导入质谱 (MIMS) 和微流控水辅助阱聚焦 (M-WATF) 集成,拓宽了其应用范围,并在灵敏度和识别能力方面不断取得令人鼓舞的成果。萃取-液体取样电子电离-质谱法(E-LEI-MS)是一项基于 LEI 概念的表面取样和实时分析技术,它的开发是萃取-液体取样电子电离-质谱法的最新进展。这篇综述文章全面介绍了 LEI 的最新潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Latest Developments in Direct and Non-Direct LC-MS Methods Based on Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI).

Mass spectrometry (MS) enables precise identification and quantification of molecules, particularly when combined with chromatography. The advent of atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques allowed the efficient coupling of liquid chromatography with MS (LC-MS), extending analyses to nonvolatile and thermolabile compounds. API techniques present limitations such as low informative capacity and reproducibility of mass spectra, increasing instrument complexity and costs. Other challenges include analyzing poorly polar molecules and matrix effects (ME), which negatively impact quantitative analyses, necessitating extensive sample purification or using expensive labeled standards. These limitations prompted the exploration of alternative solutions, leading to the development of the Liquid Electron Ionization (LEI) interface. The system has demonstrated excellent robustness and reproducibility. LEI has been employed to analyze various compounds, including pesticides, drugs of abuse, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, and many others. Its versatility has been validated with single quadrupole, triple quadrupole, and QToF detectors, operating in electron ionization (EI) or chemical ionization (CI) modes and with both reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). LEI has also been successfully integrated with the Microfluidic Open Interface (MOI), Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS), and Microfluidic Water-Assisted Trap Focusing (M-WATF), broadening its application scope and consistently demonstrating promising results in terms of sensitivity and identification power. The most recent advancement is the development of Extractive-Liquid Sampling Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (E-LEI-MS), a surface sampling and real-time analysis technique based on the LEI concept. This review article offers a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of the potential of LEI.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.00
自引率
4.00%
发文量
137
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry continues to be a dependable resource for both the expert and the student by providing in-depth, scholarly, insightful reviews of important topics within the discipline of analytical chemistry and related measurement sciences. The journal exclusively publishes review articles that illuminate the underlying science, that evaluate the field''s status by putting recent developments into proper perspective and context, and that speculate on possible future developments. A limited number of articles are of a "tutorial" format written by experts for scientists seeking introduction or clarification in a new area. This journal serves as a forum for linking various underlying components in broad and interdisciplinary means, while maintaining balance between applied and fundamental research. Topics we are interested in receiving reviews on are the following: · chemical analysis; · instrumentation; · chemometrics; · analytical biochemistry; · medicinal analysis; · forensics; · environmental sciences; · applied physics; · and material science.
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