Asymmetric Atomic Dual-Sites for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Atomically dispersed active sites in a photocatalyst offer unique advantages such as locally tuned electronic structures, quantum size effects, and maximum utilization of atomic species. Among these, asymmetric atomic dual-sites are of particular interest because their asymmetric charge distribution generates a local built-in electric potential to enhance charge separation and transfer. Moreover, the dual sites provide flexibility for tuning complex multielectron and multireaction pathways, such as CO₂ reduction reactions. The coordination of dual sites opens new possibilities for engineering the structure–activity–selectivity relationship. This comprehensive overview discusses efficient and sustainable photocatalysis processes in photocatalytic CO₂ reduction, focusing on strategic active-site design and future challenges. It serves as a timely reference for the design and development of photocatalytic conversion processes, specifically exploring the utilization of asymmetric atomic dual-sites for complex photocatalytic conversion pathways, here exemplified by the conversion of CO₂ into valuable chemicals.