塞缪尔-金斯伯格(Samuel Ginsburg)所著的《赛博格-加勒比:二十一世纪古巴、多米尼加和波多黎各科幻小说中的技术主导》(评论

IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Michael Niblett
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引用次数: 0

摘要

评论者 赛博格-加勒比:二十一世纪古巴、多米尼加和波多黎各科幻小说中的技术主导》,塞缪尔-金斯伯格著 迈克尔-尼布莱特(简历) 《赛博格-加勒比:二十一世纪古巴、多米尼加和波多黎各科幻小说中的技术主导》,塞缪尔-金斯伯格著。新不伦瑞克:罗格斯大学出版社,2023 年。Pp.170.近年来,来自加勒比海地区的推理小说异军突起。当然,这并非没有先例。长期以来,种植园综合体深不可测的暴力和殖民社会残酷的隔阂将加勒比作家推向了虚构、寓言和非现实主义的表现形式,例如,从阿莱霍-卡朋蒂埃(Alejo Carpentier)或雅克-斯特芬-亚历克西斯(Jacques-Stéphen Alexis)的 "奇妙现实主义",到威尔逊-哈里斯(Wilson Harris)或西蒙娜-施瓦兹-巴特(Simone Schwarz-Bart)的体裁挑战小说。但自世纪之交以来,凯伦-洛德、斯蒂芬妮-索尔特、丽塔-印第安纳、托比亚斯-S-巴克尔、库尔德拉-福布斯、卡德维尔-特恩布尔、卡肯-卡伦德、尤斯和拉斐尔-阿塞韦多等不同作家的作品中出现了大量明确的科幻小说。这些作品大多关注利用科幻小说的惯例、套路和手段来记录和挑战现代资本主义世界体系所赖以生存的种族主义、阶级歧视、性别歧视和生态灭绝。但为什么要利用科幻小说来达到这一目的,为什么是现在?塞缪尔-金斯伯格(Samuel Ginsburg)及时而重要的研究著作《电子加勒比》(The Cyborg Caribbean)就提出了这个问题。金斯伯格特别关注技术在殖民统治和帝国统治中的作用,分析了古巴、多米尼加共和国和波多黎各 21 世纪的科幻小说叙事,以 "更好地理解技术统治和反抗的文化、政治和修辞遗产"(第 4 页)。金斯伯格认为,科幻小说作为解决此类问题的一种手段而备受瞩目,这不仅是因为科幻小说非常适合探讨技术与权力之间的关系,还因为在过去十多年里,"加勒比地区现实生活与科幻小说之间的界限 "变得越来越模糊(第 5 页)。金斯伯格列举的例子包括:从武器化超音速设备被用来对付美国驻哈瓦那大使馆工作人员的传言,到数字货币投资者入侵波多黎各,希望在飓风 "玛丽亚 "过后将该岛变成一个 "加密乌托邦"。再加上气候破坏的影响及其威胁的世界末日场景,用多米尼加科幻小说家奥迪利乌斯-弗拉克的话来说,"科幻小说和幻想小说才有资源与我们的现实抗衡"(引自金斯伯格,第 6 页),这一点就很清楚了。加勒比电子人》的四个中心章节分别论述了不同技术的历史、遗产和文学表现形式:电休克疗法(ECT)、核武器、太空旅行和数字化身。在第 1 章中,金斯伯格研究了佩德罗-卡比亚(Pedro Cabiya)、亚历山德拉-帕甘-贝莱斯(Alexandra Pagán Vélez)和流浪者博蒙特(Vagabond Beaumont)的作品,探讨了加勒比地区使用和滥用电休克疗法的情况 [完 1006 页]。这些小说中对电痉挛疗法的引用,将殖民政权对医学和科学话语的历史操纵与我们这个危机四伏的晚期资本主义时代种族、性和阶级压迫的暴力重组联系起来。第 2 章转向核技术,不仅研究其惊人的、爆炸性的破坏力,还研究 "建立在核战争威胁基础上的技术殖民体系 "可能发生的 "结构和社会变革"(第 49 页)。金斯伯格首先对古巴导弹危机的政治和象征意义进行了有益的分析,然后对雷-埃马纽埃尔-安杜哈尔、亚斯明-西尔维娅-波塔莱斯和埃里克-莫塔的作品进行了一系列精辟的细读。每一位作者都将核技术对身体和景观的破坏性影响表现得淋漓尽致,同时也对围绕核武器的政治言论所造成的伤害提出了挑战。在第 3 章中,金斯伯格通过对太空旅行的关注,探讨了外星人形象如何被用来质疑历史上那些被贴上非人类标签的人所受到的待遇。在哈里斯-杜拉尼(Haris Durrani)的《香波里翁的脚》(Champollion's Foot,2017 年)和尤斯(Yoss)的《Condonautas》(2013 年)等小说中,人们对星际旅行和外星人接触提出了新的理解,对殖民化和民族主义的言论提出了质疑,而这些言论往往被用来赞颂......
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The Cyborg Caribbean: Techno-Dominance in Twenty-First-Century Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican Science Fiction by Samuel Ginsburg (review)

Reviewed by:

  • The Cyborg Caribbean: Techno-Dominance in Twenty-First-Century Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican Science Fiction by Samuel Ginsburg
  • Michael Niblett (bio)
The Cyborg Caribbean: Techno-Dominance in Twenty-First-Century Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican Science Fiction
By Samuel Ginsburg. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2023. Pp. 170.

Recent years have seen a remarkable surge in speculative fiction from the Caribbean. This is not without precedent, of course. The unfathomable violence of the plantation complex and the brutal estrangements of colonial society have long pushed Caribbean authors toward fabular, allegorical, and irrealist forms of representation, from the “marvellous realism” of Alejo Carpentier or Jacques-Stéphen Alexis, for example, to the genre-defying novels of Wilson Harris or Simone Schwarz-Bart. But since the turn of the century, a rich seam of explicitly science fiction work has appeared by writers as diverse as Karen Lord, Stephanie Saulter, Rita Indiana, Tobias S. Buckell, Curdella Forbes, Cadwell Turnbull, Kacen Callender, Yoss, and Rafael Acevedo. Much of this work is concerned with using the conventions, tropes, and devices of science fiction to register and challenge the racism, classism, sexism, and ecocide on which the modern capitalist world-system is founded. But why use science fiction to this end, and why now?

A version of this question animates Samuel Ginsburg’s timely and important study, The Cyborg Caribbean. Focusing specifically on technology’s role in colonial and imperial domination, Ginsburg analyzes twenty-first-century science fiction narratives from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico to “better understand the cultural, political, and rhetorical legacies of techno-dominance and resistance” (p. 4). Science fiction has come to prominence as a means to address such issues, suggests Ginsburg, not only because it is generically well suited to exploring the relationship between technology and power but also because over the last decade or so “the line between real life and science fiction in the Caribbean” has become ever more blurred (p. 5). Ginsburg’s examples range from rumors of weaponized supersonic devices being used against U.S. embassy staff in Havana to the invasion of Puerto Rico by digital currency investors hoping to turn the island into a “crypto utopia” in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. Add to this the impact of climate breakdown and the apocalyptic scenarios it threatens, and it becomes clear why, in the words of Dominican science fiction writer Odilius Vlak, “it is the genres of science fiction and fantasy that have the resources to contend with our reality” (quoted in Ginsburg, p. 6).

The four central chapters of The Cyborg Caribbean each address the history, legacy, and literary representation of a different technology: electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), nuclear weapons, space travel, and digital avatars. In chapter 1, Ginsburg examines texts by Pedro Cabiya, Alexandra Pagán Vélez, and Vagabond Beaumont to explore the use and abuse of ECT [End Page 1006] in the Caribbean. The references to ECT in these fictions function to connect the historical manipulation of medical and scientific discourse by colonial regimes to the violent reconfiguration of racial, sexual, and class oppressions in our own crisis-wracked late capitalist moment. Chapter 2 turns to nuclear technology, investigating not only its spectacular, explosively destructive power but also the “structural and social changes” that can occur “within a techno-colonial system built on the threat of nuclear war” (p. 49). Opening with a salutary analysis of the political and symbolic significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Ginsburg then offers a series of incisive close readings of works by Rey Emmanuel Andújar, Yasmín Silvia Portales, and Erick Mota. Each of these authors dramatizes the devastating impact of nuclear technology on bodies and landscapes, while simultaneously challenging the damage done by the political rhetoric surrounding nuclear weapons.

In chapter 3, Ginsburg’s focus on space travel allows him to explore how the figure of the alien has been used to question the historical treatment of those labeled as nonhuman. In fictions such as Haris Durrani’s Champollion’s Foot (2017) and Yoss’s Condonautas (2013), new understandings of interstellar travel and alien contact are proposed that contest the colonizing and nationalist rhetoric that is often used to celebrate...

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来源期刊
Technology and Culture
Technology and Culture 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
14.30%
发文量
225
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Technology and Culture, the preeminent journal of the history of technology, draws on scholarship in diverse disciplines to publish insightful pieces intended for general readers as well as specialists. Subscribers include scientists, engineers, anthropologists, sociologists, economists, museum curators, archivists, scholars, librarians, educators, historians, and many others. In addition to scholarly essays, each issue features 30-40 book reviews and reviews of new museum exhibitions. To illuminate important debates and draw attention to specific topics, the journal occasionally publishes thematic issues. Technology and Culture is the official journal of the Society for the History of Technology (SHOT).
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