Amir Khan, Mohammad Haris, Touseef Hussain, Abrar Ahmad Khan, Mona F. A. Dawood
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This study investigates the efficacy of four botanicals (<i>Oxalis corniculata</i>, <i>Ricinus communis</i>, <i>Lantana camara</i>, and <i>Pluchea lanceolata</i>) as emerging phyto-nematicides against <i>M. incognita</i> using both <i>in vitro</i> experiments (J2 mortality after 24, 36 and 48 hours exposure to 3000, 2000, 1000, 500, and 0 mg/L of the four botanicals and then determination egg hatching of <i>M. incognita</i> after 3 and 5 days incubation with various concentrations of the selected botanicals) and pot experiments. In the <i>in vitro</i> study, different extracts from the leaves of botanicals were applied to the second juvenile stage (J2) of <i>M. incognita</i>. The highest mortality of J2 and reduction in egg hatching for <i>O. corniculata</i> extract (89.96 and 86.79%), while the lowest effects (9.01 and 11.50 %) were observed for <i>P. lanceolata</i> extract. The extract of <i>O. corniculata</i> caused complete damage to the morphology of J2 via rupturing the cuticle of posterior, middle, and interior portion. In the pot experiment, <i>M. incognita</i> adversely affected growth shoot length (51.37%), root length (55.10%), fresh head weight (63.14%), and dry head weight (61.79%) by down-regulation of biochemical and epidermal traits compared to un-inoculated plants. However, the soils amended with botanicals especially <i>O. corniculata</i> recorded highest retardation of <i>M. incognita</i> infestation in cabbage roots, hence improved the growth and yield compared to the infected plants. The most beneficial effect denoted by <i>O. corniculata</i> at 100 g/pot on the infected cabbage plants associated with improving carotenoids (83%), chorophyll (117%), and nitrate reductase activity (79%) compared to stressed plants only. Also, <i>O. corniculata</i> at 100 g/pot maximally increased the number of stomata (130%), lengths (87%), and width (141%) of stomatal pore infected cabbage plants compared to the infected plants. These findings recommended the importance of <i>O. corniculata</i> as an eco-friendly organic phyto-nematicide that effectively restrict the damaging impacts of <i>M. incognita</i> on cabbage and may be other crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":17042,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Botanicals as Phyto-nematicides Against Root-knot Disease Caused by the Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) via Promoting growth, Yield, and Biochemical Performance of Cabbage Crop\",\"authors\":\"Amir Khan, Mohammad Haris, Touseef Hussain, Abrar Ahmad Khan, Mona F. A. 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In the <i>in vitro</i> study, different extracts from the leaves of botanicals were applied to the second juvenile stage (J2) of <i>M. incognita</i>. The highest mortality of J2 and reduction in egg hatching for <i>O. corniculata</i> extract (89.96 and 86.79%), while the lowest effects (9.01 and 11.50 %) were observed for <i>P. lanceolata</i> extract. The extract of <i>O. corniculata</i> caused complete damage to the morphology of J2 via rupturing the cuticle of posterior, middle, and interior portion. In the pot experiment, <i>M. incognita</i> adversely affected growth shoot length (51.37%), root length (55.10%), fresh head weight (63.14%), and dry head weight (61.79%) by down-regulation of biochemical and epidermal traits compared to un-inoculated plants. However, the soils amended with botanicals especially <i>O. corniculata</i> recorded highest retardation of <i>M. incognita</i> infestation in cabbage roots, hence improved the growth and yield compared to the infected plants. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)是包括卷心菜在内的多种蔬菜的内寄生虫,对经济造成了重大威胁。利用植物药是绿色技术防治根结线虫感染的一个重要方面。本研究通过体外实验(接触 3000、2000、1000、500 和 0 mg/L 的四种植物药剂 24、36 和 48 小时后 J2 的死亡率,然后用不同浓度的选定植物药剂孵化 3 和 5 天后测定 M. incognita 的卵孵化率)和盆栽实验,研究了四种植物药剂(Oxalis corniculata、Ricinus communis、Lantana camara 和 Pluchea lanceolata)作为新兴植物杀线虫剂对 M. incognita 的功效。在体外研究中,对 M. incognita 的第二幼虫期(J2)施用了不同的植物叶提取物。O.corniculata提取物的J2死亡率和卵孵化率最高(分别为89.96%和86.79%),而P. lanceolata提取物的效果最低(分别为9.01%和11.50%)。O. corniculata 的提取物会使 J2 后部、中部和内部的角质层破裂,从而对其形态造成完全破坏。在盆栽实验中,与未接种的植株相比,M. incognita通过下调生化和表皮性状,对植株的芽长(51.37%)、根长(55.10%)、鲜头重(63.14%)和干头重(61.79%)产生了不利影响。然而,与受感染的植株相比,添加了植物药(尤其是 O. corniculata)的土壤对卷心菜根部的 M. incognita 侵染具有最高的抑制作用,从而改善了卷心菜的生长和产量。与受胁迫的植物相比,100 克/盆的鸡冠花对受感染甘蓝植株最有益的影响是提高了类胡萝卜素(83%)、叶绿素(117%)和硝酸还原酶活性(79%)。此外,与受感染的植株相比,每盆 100 克的 O. Corniculata 能最大程度地增加受气孔感染的甘蓝植株的气孔数量(130%)、长度(87%)和宽度(141%)。这些研究结果表明,O. corniculata 是一种生态友好型有机植物杀线虫剂,可有效限制 M. incognita 对甘蓝以及其他作物的危害。
Botanicals as Phyto-nematicides Against Root-knot Disease Caused by the Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) via Promoting growth, Yield, and Biochemical Performance of Cabbage Crop
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, poses a significant economic threat as an endoparasite for various vegetables, including cabbage. Utilizing botanicals is an essential aspect of green technology to combat root-knot nematode infection. This study investigates the efficacy of four botanicals (Oxalis corniculata, Ricinus communis, Lantana camara, and Pluchea lanceolata) as emerging phyto-nematicides against M. incognita using both in vitro experiments (J2 mortality after 24, 36 and 48 hours exposure to 3000, 2000, 1000, 500, and 0 mg/L of the four botanicals and then determination egg hatching of M. incognita after 3 and 5 days incubation with various concentrations of the selected botanicals) and pot experiments. In the in vitro study, different extracts from the leaves of botanicals were applied to the second juvenile stage (J2) of M. incognita. The highest mortality of J2 and reduction in egg hatching for O. corniculata extract (89.96 and 86.79%), while the lowest effects (9.01 and 11.50 %) were observed for P. lanceolata extract. The extract of O. corniculata caused complete damage to the morphology of J2 via rupturing the cuticle of posterior, middle, and interior portion. In the pot experiment, M. incognita adversely affected growth shoot length (51.37%), root length (55.10%), fresh head weight (63.14%), and dry head weight (61.79%) by down-regulation of biochemical and epidermal traits compared to un-inoculated plants. However, the soils amended with botanicals especially O. corniculata recorded highest retardation of M. incognita infestation in cabbage roots, hence improved the growth and yield compared to the infected plants. The most beneficial effect denoted by O. corniculata at 100 g/pot on the infected cabbage plants associated with improving carotenoids (83%), chorophyll (117%), and nitrate reductase activity (79%) compared to stressed plants only. Also, O. corniculata at 100 g/pot maximally increased the number of stomata (130%), lengths (87%), and width (141%) of stomatal pore infected cabbage plants compared to the infected plants. These findings recommended the importance of O. corniculata as an eco-friendly organic phyto-nematicide that effectively restrict the damaging impacts of M. incognita on cabbage and may be other crops.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition is an international, peer reviewed journal devoted to publishing original research findings in the areas of soil science, plant nutrition, agriculture and environmental science.
Soil sciences submissions may cover physics, chemistry, biology, microbiology, mineralogy, ecology, pedology, soil classification and amelioration.
Plant nutrition and agriculture submissions may include plant production, physiology and metabolism of plants, plant ecology, diversity and sustainability of agricultural systems, organic and inorganic fertilization in relation to their impact on yields, quality of plants and ecological systems, and agroecosystems studies.
Submissions covering soil degradation, environmental pollution, nature conservation, and environmental protection are also welcome.
The journal considers for publication original research articles, technical notes, short communication, and reviews (both voluntary and by invitation), and letters to the editor.