Secured and energy aware cluster-based routing in cross-layer–cross-domain WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly important and well liked for delivering pervasive computing environments for a range of applications. Extending the networking life lifetime in WSNs is an important issue that must be addressed. Effective techniques for conserving the WSN's limited energy resources must be developed. Cross-layer protocols are employed in WSNs to solve network lifespan difficulties. This paper proposes a new cross-layer–cross-domain routing scheme with stages such as “(1) network association stage, (2) nearer node detection phase, and (3) consistent state phase.” In the consistent stage, the optimal cluster head selection (CHS) is carried out by taking into account risk, delay, energy, trust, and distance. A new model called manta ray collided dwarf mongoose optimization (MRC-DMO) is introduced to help with this. Furthermore, the routing is accomplished by dependable data communication. The results obtained establish the effectiveness of the MRC-DMO scheme for SEACRCLCD in WSN over varied methods.