{"title":"通过广义贡培兹-马凯汉姆定律的视角,研究生命表老龄化率(LAR)模式中反映的老龄化、外部危害暴露和死亡率之间关系的不变量。","authors":"A Golubev","doi":"10.1007/s10522-024-10123-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the Gompertz law, the age-dependent change in the logarithm of mortality (life-table aging rate, LAR) is equal to the population-averaged age-independent biological aging rate (γ), and LAR would be constant if aging were the only cause of mortality increase. However, LAR is influenced by population exposures to the external hazards. If they were constant, according to the Gompertz-Makeham law (GML), LAR would be below γ at lower ages and asymptotically and monotonically approach γ with increasing age. Actually, LAR trajectories derived from data on mortality in different countries and historical periods feature systematic undulations. In the present investigation, mortality-vs.-age trajectories were modeled based on a generalized GML (gGML). Unlike the canonical GML terms, which are population-specific constants, the respective terms of the gGML are represented with some population-specific functions of age. Invariant in gGML are the modes of translation of these functions into the dependency of mortality on age: linear for population exposure to the irresistible external hazards or exponential for population-averaged ability to withstand the resistible external and internal hazards. Modeling suggests that, at earlier ages, LAR undulations are attributable to changes in population exposures to the former hazards. However, only their unrealistically high levels can produce the transient increase in LAR at about 65 to 90 years. This pervasive undulation of LAR-vs.-age trajectory is rather caused by an increment in γ. Reasons to regard gGML as a genuine natural law, which defines relations between mortality, aging and environment, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8909,"journal":{"name":"Biogerontology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Invariances in relations between aging, exposure to external hazards, and mortality reflected in life table aging rate (LAR) patterns examined through the lens of generalized Gompertz-Makeham law.\",\"authors\":\"A Golubev\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10522-024-10123-9\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>According to the Gompertz law, the age-dependent change in the logarithm of mortality (life-table aging rate, LAR) is equal to the population-averaged age-independent biological aging rate (γ), and LAR would be constant if aging were the only cause of mortality increase. However, LAR is influenced by population exposures to the external hazards. If they were constant, according to the Gompertz-Makeham law (GML), LAR would be below γ at lower ages and asymptotically and monotonically approach γ with increasing age. Actually, LAR trajectories derived from data on mortality in different countries and historical periods feature systematic undulations. In the present investigation, mortality-vs.-age trajectories were modeled based on a generalized GML (gGML). Unlike the canonical GML terms, which are population-specific constants, the respective terms of the gGML are represented with some population-specific functions of age. Invariant in gGML are the modes of translation of these functions into the dependency of mortality on age: linear for population exposure to the irresistible external hazards or exponential for population-averaged ability to withstand the resistible external and internal hazards. Modeling suggests that, at earlier ages, LAR undulations are attributable to changes in population exposures to the former hazards. However, only their unrealistically high levels can produce the transient increase in LAR at about 65 to 90 years. This pervasive undulation of LAR-vs.-age trajectory is rather caused by an increment in γ. Reasons to regard gGML as a genuine natural law, which defines relations between mortality, aging and environment, are discussed.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":8909,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Biogerontology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Biogerontology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-024-10123-9\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/7/22 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biogerontology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-024-10123-9","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/7/22 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
根据贡珀茨定律,与年龄相关的死亡率对数变化(生命表老化率,LAR)等于与年龄无关的人口平均生物老化率(γ),如果老化是死亡率上升的唯一原因,则 LAR 将保持不变。然而,LAR 受人口暴露于外部危害的影响。如果它们保持不变,根据贡珀茨-马凯姆定律(GML),低年龄段的 LAR 将低于 γ,并随着年龄的增加而渐近和单调地接近 γ。实际上,根据不同国家和历史时期的死亡率数据得出的 LAR 轨迹具有系统性起伏的特点。本研究根据广义 GML(gGML)对死亡率-年龄轨迹进行建模。与典型的 GML 项(特定人口的常数)不同,gGML 的相应项用特定人口的年龄函数来表示。gGML 中不变的是这些函数转化为死亡率与年龄关系的模式:线性表示人口暴露于不可抗拒的外部危害的程度,指数表示人口平均抵御可抗拒的外部和内部危害的能力。建模表明,在较早的年龄段,LAR 的起伏是由于人口遭受前一种危害的程度发生了变化。然而,只有其不切实际的高水平才能产生 LAR 在 65 至 90 岁左右的瞬时增长。这种 LAR 随年龄变化的普遍起伏是由γ 的增加引起的。本文讨论了将 gGML 视为真正的自然法则的理由,它定义了死亡率、衰老和环境之间的关系。
Invariances in relations between aging, exposure to external hazards, and mortality reflected in life table aging rate (LAR) patterns examined through the lens of generalized Gompertz-Makeham law.
According to the Gompertz law, the age-dependent change in the logarithm of mortality (life-table aging rate, LAR) is equal to the population-averaged age-independent biological aging rate (γ), and LAR would be constant if aging were the only cause of mortality increase. However, LAR is influenced by population exposures to the external hazards. If they were constant, according to the Gompertz-Makeham law (GML), LAR would be below γ at lower ages and asymptotically and monotonically approach γ with increasing age. Actually, LAR trajectories derived from data on mortality in different countries and historical periods feature systematic undulations. In the present investigation, mortality-vs.-age trajectories were modeled based on a generalized GML (gGML). Unlike the canonical GML terms, which are population-specific constants, the respective terms of the gGML are represented with some population-specific functions of age. Invariant in gGML are the modes of translation of these functions into the dependency of mortality on age: linear for population exposure to the irresistible external hazards or exponential for population-averaged ability to withstand the resistible external and internal hazards. Modeling suggests that, at earlier ages, LAR undulations are attributable to changes in population exposures to the former hazards. However, only their unrealistically high levels can produce the transient increase in LAR at about 65 to 90 years. This pervasive undulation of LAR-vs.-age trajectory is rather caused by an increment in γ. Reasons to regard gGML as a genuine natural law, which defines relations between mortality, aging and environment, are discussed.
期刊介绍:
The journal Biogerontology offers a platform for research which aims primarily at achieving healthy old age accompanied by improved longevity. The focus is on efforts to understand, prevent, cure or minimize age-related impairments.
Biogerontology provides a peer-reviewed forum for publishing original research data, new ideas and discussions on modulating the aging process by physical, chemical and biological means, including transgenic and knockout organisms; cell culture systems to develop new approaches and health care products for maintaining or recovering the lost biochemical functions; immunology, autoimmunity and infection in aging; vertebrates, invertebrates, micro-organisms and plants for experimental studies on genetic determinants of aging and longevity; biodemography and theoretical models linking aging and survival kinetics.