Gastrointestinal tract disease detection via deep learning based structural and statistical features optimized hexa-classification model.

Background: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases impact the entire digestive system, spanning from the mouth to the anus. Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) stands out as an effective analytic instrument for Gastrointestinal tract diseases. Nevertheless, accurately identifying various lesion features, such as irregular sizes, shapes, colors, and textures, remains challenging in this field.

Objective: Several computer vision algorithms have been introduced to tackle these challenges, but many relied on handcrafted features, resulting in inaccuracies in various instances.

Methods: In this work, a novel Deep SS-Hexa model is proposed which is a combination two different deep learning structures for extracting two different features from the WCE images to detect various GIT ailment. The gathered images are denoised by weighted median filter to remove the noisy distortions and augment the images for enhancing the training data. The structural and statistical (SS) feature extraction process is sectioned into two phases for the analysis of distinct regions of gastrointestinal. In the first stage, statistical features of the image are retrieved using MobileNet with the support of SiLU activation function to retrieve the relevant features. In the second phase, the segmented intestine images are transformed into structural features to learn the local information. These SS features are parallelly fused for selecting the best relevant features with walrus optimization algorithm. Finally, Deep belief network (DBN) is used classified the GIT diseases into hexa classes namely normal, ulcer, pylorus, cecum, esophagitis and polyps on the basis of the selected features.

Results: The proposed Deep SS-Hexa model attains an overall average accuracy of 99.16% in GIT disease detection based on KVASIR and KID datasets. The proposed Deep SS-Hexa model achieves high level of accuracy with minimal computational cost in the recognition of GIT illness.

Conclusions: The proposed Deep SS-Hexa Model progresses the overall accuracy range of 0.04%, 0.80% better than GastroVision, Genetic algorithm based on KVASIR dataset and 0.60%, 1.21% better than Modified U-Net, WCENet based on KID dataset respectively.