Post-LGM glaciomarine processes revealed by inner shelf sedimentary facies analysis (Terra Nova Bay, Western Ross Sea, Antarctica)

Understanding the depositional processes on the inner shelf of Antarctica is a significant challenge. This difficulty arises from the heterogeneity of sediment sources, their poor preservation potential due to the advance and retreat cycles of ice bodies, and the impact of relatively strong bottom currents generated by high density contrasts in the water column. These factors contribute to the overall complexity of the glacio-influenced marine environment, particularly below present-day floating ice shelves in correspondence of areas draped in sediments related to Late Pleistocene-Holocene glacial variations. These locations provide crucial information for reconstructing past glacial dynamics driven by global changes.

In this study, we present an analysis of glaciomarine deposits collected from the Western Ross Sea, offshore Mario Zucchelli Station, in a protected indentation of the Victoria Land Coast that hosts the Terra Nova Bay polynya. We conducted multi-proxy analyses on three sediment cores sampled from selected seafloor morphological units associated with fluctuations of the grounded ice, which preserve sedimentary facies representative of this distinctive depositional environment.

We identified and described six depositional facies, characterized by diagnostic sedimentological, textural and geochemical patterns. Direct observations were integrated with high-resolution geophysical data and geomorphological seafloor analysis. Our findings highlight a Late Pleistocene-Holocene depositional sequence linked to fluctuations in grounded ice, with unconformities and sedimentary patterns potentially related to climatic variations driving ice advances and retreats.