Harry A Brown, Samuel Chalmers, Thomas H Topham, Brad Clark, Andrew Jowett, Tim Meyer, Ollie Jay, Julien D Périard
{"title":"在炎热条件下对训练有素的男性进行间歇性跑步机足球模拟训练时，国际足联降温防暑政策的效果。","authors":"Harry A Brown, Samuel Chalmers, Thomas H Topham, Brad Clark, Andrew Jowett, Tim Meyer, Ollie Jay, Julien D Périard","doi":"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108131","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O<sub>2peak</sub>: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRK<sub>no-cool</sub>), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRK<sub>cool</sub>: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHT<sub>only</sub>) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHT<sub>cool</sub>). Rectal temperature (T<sub>re</sub>), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Final T<sub>re</sub> was lower in BRK<sub>no-cool</sub> (0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRK<sub>cool</sub> (0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean T<sub>re</sub> was lower in ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRK<sub>cool</sub> (38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRK<sub>no-cool</sub> and ExtHT<sub>only</sub> (38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRK<sub>cool</sub> (6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p<i>≥</i>0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRK<sub>cool</sub> (0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BRK<sub>cool</sub> and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> attenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9276,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1044-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Efficacy of the FIFA cooling break heat policy during an intermittent treadmill football simulation in hot conditions in trained males.\",\"authors\":\"Harry A Brown, Samuel Chalmers, Thomas H Topham, Brad Clark, Andrew Jowett, Tim Meyer, Ollie Jay, Julien D Périard\",\"doi\":\"10.1136/bjsports-2024-108131\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O<sub>2peak</sub>: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRK<sub>no-cool</sub>), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRK<sub>cool</sub>: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHT<sub>only</sub>) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHT<sub>cool</sub>). Rectal temperature (T<sub>re</sub>), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Final T<sub>re</sub> was lower in BRK<sub>no-cool</sub> (0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRK<sub>cool</sub> (0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean T<sub>re</sub> was lower in ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRK<sub>cool</sub> (38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRK<sub>no-cool</sub> and ExtHT<sub>only</sub> (38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRK<sub>cool</sub> (6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p<i>≥</i>0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRK<sub>cool</sub> (0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> (0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BRK<sub>cool</sub> and ExtHT<sub>cool</sub> attenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":9276,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"British Journal of Sports Medicine\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"1044-1051\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":11.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"British Journal of Sports Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108131\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108131","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Efficacy of the FIFA cooling break heat policy during an intermittent treadmill football simulation in hot conditions in trained males.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.
Methods: 12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O2peak: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRKno-cool), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRKcool: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHTonly) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHTcool). Rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs).
Results: Final Tre was lower in BRKno-cool (0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRKcool (0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool (0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean Tre was lower in ExtHTcool (38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRKcool (38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRKno-cool and ExtHTonly (38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRKcool (6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool (7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p≥0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRKcool (0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHTcool (0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG.
Conclusion: BRKcool and ExtHTcool attenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions.
期刊介绍：
The British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM) is a dynamic platform that presents groundbreaking research, thought-provoking reviews, and meaningful discussions on sport and exercise medicine. Our focus encompasses various clinically-relevant aspects such as physiotherapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation. With an aim to foster innovation, education, and knowledge translation, we strive to bridge the gap between research and practical implementation in the field. Our multi-media approach, including web, print, video, and audio resources, along with our active presence on social media, connects a global community of healthcare professionals dedicated to treating active individuals.
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