Adjuvant anti-PD1 immunotherapy of resected skin melanoma: an example of non-personalized medicine with no overall survival benefit

Randomized clinical trials demonstrated a recurrence-free survival benefit with adjuvant anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD1) inhibitors of resected stage IIB-IV melanoma. However, no improvement in overall survival has been observed thus far. Furthermore, there are no predictive markers for immunotherapy response in melanoma, therefore adjuvant treatment is offered to all comers based exclusively on the pathological and clinical stages. Additionally, one year of treatment duration and the risk of chronic immune-related adverse effects may negatively impact patients´ quality of life. In this review, we will try to answer whether the currently available data on adjuvant anti-PD1 therapy of stage IIB-IV resected melanoma is sufficient to make this strategy available to all patients. We will also discuss the economic impact of this therapy on healthcare system budgets. Recent studies suggest that the high cost of cancer drugs may affect access to these agents globally by raising questions of sustainability for patients and society.