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引用次数: 0
摘要
达尔文共同后裔理论的最终结果意味着,地球上的所有生命最终都是共同祖先的后裔。现在,生物化学和分子生物学提供了所有现存生命形式共同祖先的充分证据。然而,"最后的宇宙共同祖先"(LUCA)的性质多年来一直是一个争论不休的话题。本综述从历史的角度探讨了推断 LUCA 性质的不同尝试,探讨了围绕其复杂性的争论。我们还将进一步探讨不同的方法是如何识别仅表现出部分重叠的古蛋白质集的。例如,不同的生物信息学方法从 ATP 合成酶中识别出了不同的蛋白质亚基,这些亚基可能是从 LUCA 继承而来。此外,我们还讨论了反向回旋酶的详细分子进化分析如何改变了之前主要基于自动生物信息学管道对嗜热LUCA的推断。最后,我们强调了开发一个专门用于研究可追溯到 LUCA 和细胞进化早期阶段的基因和蛋白质的数据库的重要性。这样一个数据库将储存地球上最古老的基因。
The Unfinished Reconstructed Nature of the Last Universal Common Ancestor.
The ultimate consequence of Darwin's theory of common descent implies that all life on earth descends ultimately from a common ancestor. Biochemistry and molecular biology now provide sufficient evidence of shared ancestry of all extant life forms. However, the nature of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) has been a topic of much debate over the years. This review offers a historical perspective on different attempts to infer LUCA's nature, exploring the debate surrounding its complexity. We further examine how different methodologies identify sets of ancient protein that exhibit only partial overlap. For example, different bioinformatic approaches have identified distinct protein subunits from the ATP synthetase identified as potentially inherited from LUCA. Additionally, we discuss how detailed molecular evolutionary analysis of reverse gyrase has modified previous inferences about an hyperthermophilic LUCA based mainly on automatic bioinformatic pipelines. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of developing a database dedicated to studying genes and proteins traceable back to LUCA and earlier stages of cellular evolution. Such a database would house the most ancient genes on earth.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Molecular Evolution covers experimental, computational, and theoretical work aimed at deciphering features of molecular evolution and the processes bearing on these features, from the initial formation of macromolecular systems through their evolution at the molecular level, the co-evolution of their functions in cellular and organismal systems, and their influence on organismal adaptation, speciation, and ecology. Topics addressed include the evolution of informational macromolecules and their relation to more complex levels of biological organization, including populations and taxa, as well as the molecular basis for the evolution of ecological interactions of species and the use of molecular data to infer fundamental processes in evolutionary ecology. This coverage accommodates such subfields as new genome sequences, comparative structural and functional genomics, population genetics, the molecular evolution of development, the evolution of gene regulation and gene interaction networks, and in vitro evolution of DNA and RNA, molecular evolutionary ecology, and the development of methods and theory that enable molecular evolutionary inference, including but not limited to, phylogenetic methods.