Drag augmentation for collision avoidance in LEO

Space debris proliferation in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) has heightened the urgency for effective Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres (CAMs). This work presents a pioneering framework aimed at devising a novel collision avoidance manoeuvre design for drag-augmentation small platforms. The framework facilitates the alteration of drag acceleration by adjusting the satellite’s ballistic coefficient through cross-sectional area changes. This approach generates controlled deviations in the nominal trajectory, offering a feasible solution for collision avoidance without necessitating thrusters or fuel consumption.

The paper introduces an analytical method for propagating drag augmentation manoeuvres and applies it for collision avoidance studies purposes. The formulation followed to implement this manoeuvre within a numerical propagator is presented, as well as the optimisation process developed for the application of drag augmentation manoeuvres in collision avoidance scenarios. Real-world applications showcase the suitability of these approaches, confirming the use of drag augmentation manoeuvres to avoid collisions in LEO. Additionally, the requirements and boundaries of the strategy, including altitude restrictions and satellite-specific properties, are discussed.