研究土壤在促进可持续发展和实现联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)中的作用

Renshu Renshu, Poonam Juneja, Meenakshi Meenakshi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

土壤是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在支持植物生长、调节水和养分循环、过滤污染物以及为土壤生物提供栖息地方面发挥着不可估量的作用。然而,集约农业、森林砍伐、城市化和气候变化等人类活动带来的压力与日俱增,正在使世界各地的土壤退化。因此,必须对土壤资源进行可持续管理,以确保持续提供生态系统服务,促进可持续发展成果,并帮助我们实现联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)。本文回顾了多个学科的文献,研究了土壤与实现可持续发展目标之间的重要联系。土壤属性影响着生产力和粮食安全、水的供应和质量、通过碳储存调节气候、生物多样性保护和人类健康。退化的土壤会破坏这些生态系统服务,加剧贫困、饥饿和不平等。研究表明,以生态系统为基础、优先考虑土壤健康的方法,包括保护性农业、生态农业和再生系统,可以在恢复多功能性的同时可持续地强化农业。此外,以自然为基础、利用植物与土壤相互作用进行恢复的解决方案已证明具有成本效益。现在,《联合国防治荒漠化公约》(UNCCD)明确提出了实现土地零退化的目标,强调了在可持续发展目标框架内扩大以土壤为重点的倡议的必要性。因此,保护和恢复全球土壤资产可以作为政策框架的一个纽带,同时推动多个可持续发展目标的进展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Examining The Role of Soil in Promoting Sustainable Development and Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Soil is a critical component of terrestrial ecosystems, playing an invaluable role in supporting plant growth, regulating water and nutrient cycles, filtering pollutants, and providing habitat for soil organisms. However, increasing pressures from human activities, including intensive agriculture, deforestation, urbanization, and climate change are degrading soils across the world. Therefore, sustainable management of soil resources is imperative to ensure continued provisioning of ecosystem services, promote sustainable development outcomes, and help us to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper reviews literature across multiple disciplines to examine the vital links between soil and realization of the SDGs. Soil properties influence productivity and food security, water availability and quality, climate regulation through carbon storage, biodiversity conservation, and human health. Degraded soils undermine these ecosystem services, exacerbating poverty, hunger, and inequality. Research shows ecosystem-based approaches that prioritize soil health, including conservation agriculture, agroecology, and regenerative systems, can sustainably intensify agriculture while restoring multi-functionality. Additionally, nature-based solutions utilizing plant-soil interactions for restoration have demonstrated cost-effectiveness. Achieving land degradation neutrality is now an explicit target under the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), emphasizing the need to scale soil-focused initiatives within the SDG framework. Therefore, protecting and restoring global soil assets can serve as a nexus in policy frameworks to simultaneously advance progress across multiple SDGs.
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