队列研究和风险比的细微差别

IF 0.9 Q4 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
P. Doke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究生和教师通常进行病例对照研究。不过,有时他们也会进行短期的队列研究。大多数研究者根据暴露情况将参与者分为两组。然后,对参与者进行一段时间的跟踪调查。研究结束后,计算相对风险,并在一些期刊上发表研究成果。暴露可能是一次性的,可以量化,也可以不量化。随访时间可能不是针对特定参与者的,也不存在差别随访。作者举了三个例子:第一个例子是近亲结婚与先天残疾,第二个例子是 ABO 血型系统与儿童哮喘,第三个例子是喷洒杀虫剂与死胎。在上述例子中,无法计算真正意义上的累积或密度发病率,因此也无法计算风险比。在某些研究中,即使对结果变量的发生率进行估计也是不恰当的。在这种情况下,风险比的计算是有问题的,因为暴露量化、随访期和组合是限制因素。在病例对照研究中,计算的是患病率比值,类似于相对风险。作者建议,在这种情况下,流行率计算更为合适。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nuances of Cohort Studies and Risk Ratio
Post-graduate students and faculty usually conduct case-control studies. However, sometimes they conduct cohort studies that are short-duration. Most investigators enroll the participants in two groups according to the exposure. Then, follow the participants for some duration. At the end of the study, relative risk is calculated, and the work is published in some journal. The exposure may be one time, which may or may not be quantified. The follow-up duration may not be participant-specific, and differential follow-up does not exist. The author has given three examples: the first example of consanguineous marriages and congenital disabilities, the second example of the ABO blood group system and childhood asthma, and the third example of insecticide spraying and stillbirth. In the given examples, cumulative or density incidence cannot be calculated in a true sense and, therefore, risk ratio. Even estimating the incidence of outcome variables in some studies is not appropriate. Risk ratio calculation in such scenarios is questionable because exposure quantification, follow-up period, and combination are the limiting factors. In case-control studies, the prevalence ratio is calculated, which is analogous to relative risk. The author suggests that, in such circumstances, prevalence ratio calculation will be more appropriate.
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来源期刊
Indian Journal of Community Medicine
Indian Journal of Community Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
85
审稿时长
49 weeks
期刊介绍: The Indian Journal of Community Medicine (IJCM, ISSN 0970-0218), is the official organ & the only official journal of the Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM). It is a peer-reviewed journal which is published Quarterly. The journal publishes original research articles, focusing on family health care, epidemiology, biostatistics, public health administration, health care delivery, national health problems, medical anthropology and social medicine, invited annotations and comments, invited papers on recent advances, clinical and epidemiological diagnosis and management; editorial correspondence and book reviews.
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