{"title":"队列研究和风险比的细微差别","authors":"P. Doke","doi":"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_640_23","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Post-graduate students and faculty usually conduct case-control studies. However, sometimes they conduct cohort studies that are short-duration. Most investigators enroll the participants in two groups according to the exposure. Then, follow the participants for some duration. At the end of the study, relative risk is calculated, and the work is published in some journal. The exposure may be one time, which may or may not be quantified. The follow-up duration may not be participant-specific, and differential follow-up does not exist. The author has given three examples: the first example of consanguineous marriages and congenital disabilities, the second example of the ABO blood group system and childhood asthma, and the third example of insecticide spraying and stillbirth. In the given examples, cumulative or density incidence cannot be calculated in a true sense and, therefore, risk ratio. Even estimating the incidence of outcome variables in some studies is not appropriate. Risk ratio calculation in such scenarios is questionable because exposure quantification, follow-up period, and combination are the limiting factors. In case-control studies, the prevalence ratio is calculated, which is analogous to relative risk. The author suggests that, in such circumstances, prevalence ratio calculation will be more appropriate.","PeriodicalId":45040,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Nuances of Cohort Studies and Risk Ratio\",\"authors\":\"P. Doke\",\"doi\":\"10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_640_23\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Post-graduate students and faculty usually conduct case-control studies. However, sometimes they conduct cohort studies that are short-duration. Most investigators enroll the participants in two groups according to the exposure. Then, follow the participants for some duration. At the end of the study, relative risk is calculated, and the work is published in some journal. The exposure may be one time, which may or may not be quantified. The follow-up duration may not be participant-specific, and differential follow-up does not exist. The author has given three examples: the first example of consanguineous marriages and congenital disabilities, the second example of the ABO blood group system and childhood asthma, and the third example of insecticide spraying and stillbirth. In the given examples, cumulative or density incidence cannot be calculated in a true sense and, therefore, risk ratio. Even estimating the incidence of outcome variables in some studies is not appropriate. Risk ratio calculation in such scenarios is questionable because exposure quantification, follow-up period, and combination are the limiting factors. In case-control studies, the prevalence ratio is calculated, which is analogous to relative risk. The author suggests that, in such circumstances, prevalence ratio calculation will be more appropriate.\",\"PeriodicalId\":45040,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Indian Journal of Community Medicine\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Indian Journal of Community Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_640_23\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_640_23","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-graduate students and faculty usually conduct case-control studies. However, sometimes they conduct cohort studies that are short-duration. Most investigators enroll the participants in two groups according to the exposure. Then, follow the participants for some duration. At the end of the study, relative risk is calculated, and the work is published in some journal. The exposure may be one time, which may or may not be quantified. The follow-up duration may not be participant-specific, and differential follow-up does not exist. The author has given three examples: the first example of consanguineous marriages and congenital disabilities, the second example of the ABO blood group system and childhood asthma, and the third example of insecticide spraying and stillbirth. In the given examples, cumulative or density incidence cannot be calculated in a true sense and, therefore, risk ratio. Even estimating the incidence of outcome variables in some studies is not appropriate. Risk ratio calculation in such scenarios is questionable because exposure quantification, follow-up period, and combination are the limiting factors. In case-control studies, the prevalence ratio is calculated, which is analogous to relative risk. The author suggests that, in such circumstances, prevalence ratio calculation will be more appropriate.
期刊介绍:
The Indian Journal of Community Medicine (IJCM, ISSN 0970-0218), is the official organ & the only official journal of the Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine (IAPSM). It is a peer-reviewed journal which is published Quarterly. The journal publishes original research articles, focusing on family health care, epidemiology, biostatistics, public health administration, health care delivery, national health problems, medical anthropology and social medicine, invited annotations and comments, invited papers on recent advances, clinical and epidemiological diagnosis and management; editorial correspondence and book reviews.