灰色短尾负鼠骨骼骨化的变异和变化

IF 2.2 4区 生物学 Q2 BIOLOGY
Zachary S Morris, Mathew W Colbert, Timothy B. Rowe
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过重建和比较不同物种的本体发育(胚胎发育和出生后生长)序列,发育生物学家对现代种系及其已灭绝近缘种系进化的关键过程有了独特的见解。然而,尽管种内变异对进化转变和种系分化非常重要,但发育事件序列中的变异却很少得到承认。因此,人们对本体发育过程中的变异或变异性应该有多大仍然知之甚少,而且这种变异或变异性在多大程度上影响发育模式的种间比较也是一个未决问题。为了解决这个关键问题,我们研究了重要的生物医学和发育模式生物褐马鸡的骨骼发育。我们利用本体发育序列分析(OSA)对颅骨、前肢和后肢元素进行了研究,以量化和评估骨化序列中的各种变异和变异性。我们的研究表明,在驯鹿本体发育过程中存在着以前未曾认识到的变异--在全部 92 个事件的分析中,有超过 5000 个序列。此外,OSA 还揭示了头骨和整个骨骼骨化序列出乎意料的高变异性(即表达变异的倾向)。重建的模态序列与之前公认的模式基本一致,包括面部骨骼的早期骨化以及前肢和后肢发育之间的轻微偏移。然而,全面的变化表明,我们分析的大多数标本所遵循的发育轨迹与之前研究发现的轨迹截然不同。这种程度的变异非常显著,说明了评估种内个体发育变异的重要性。通过量化序列多态性并研究不同物种之间的发育变异和变异性有何不同,我们可以更准确地阐明不同物种之间的发育模式有何不同,并深入了解本体发育本身是如何演化的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Variation and variability in skeletal ossification of the gray short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica
By reconstructing and comparing the sequence of ontogenetic (embryonic development and post-natal growth) events across species, developmental biologists have gained unique insights into the key processes underlying the evolution of modern lineages and their extinct relatives. However, despite the importance of intraspecific variation to evolutionary transformation and lineage divergence, variation in the sequence of developmental events is seldom acknowledged. Thus, how much variation or variability should be expected during ontogeny remains poorly understood and it is an open question to what extent it impacts interspecific comparisons of developmental patterns. To address this crucial question, we studied the skeletal development of the important biomedical and developmental model organism, Monodelphis domestica. We investigated cranial, forelimb, and hindlimb elements using Ontogenetic Sequence Analysis (OSA) to quantify and assess the full range of variation and variability in the sequence of ossification. Our study documented that previously unrecognized variation exists during M. domestica ontogeny — with over 5000 sequences for the full 92 event analysis. Further, OSA revealed unexpectedly high variability (i.e., the propensity to express variation) in the sequence of ossification for the skull and across the entire skeleton. Reconstructed modal sequences were generally in agreement with previously recognized patterns, including earlier ossification of the facial skeleton and a slight offset between forelimb and hindlimb development. However, the full range of variation shows that the majority of specimens in our analysis followed developmental trajectories distinct from those recovered by prior studies. This level of variation is quite remarkable and demonstrates the importance of assessing intraspecific ontogenetic variation. By quantifying sequence polymorphism and studying how developmental variation and variability differ among species, we can clarify more precisely how developmental patterns differ among species and gain insights into how ontogeny itself evolves.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
48
审稿时长
20 weeks
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