物理参数对材料和合金疲劳寿命的影响:批判性评论

Amit Kaimkuriya, Balaguru Sethuraman, M. Gupta
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摘要

疲劳是指材料在反复承受加载和卸载(通常低于其极限强度)时发生的渐进性局部结构损坏。在实际应用中已观察到多种失效机制,包括高循环疲劳、低循环疲劳、热疲劳、表面疲劳、腐蚀疲劳和摩擦疲劳。疲劳与许多工程产品的失效有关,是造成使用中结构失效的主要原因。对疲劳分析技术的发展和应用进行研究至关重要,因为疲劳分析在确定部件的使用寿命和降低失效风险方面发挥着关键作用。本研究汇编了各种来源的数据,并对疲劳分析的现状进行了全面总结。研究重点是不同参数(包括硬度、温度、残余应力和硬面)对不同材料及其合金疲劳寿命的影响。合金的疲劳寿命在低温条件下通常较高,但在高温或高应力条件下则会显著降低。疲劳寿命降低的主要原因之一是残余应力。高温条件和硬面加工过程会产生拉伸残余应力,进而降低疲劳寿命。但是,如果硬面堆焊导致材料硬度显著增加,那么疲劳寿命也会增加。本手稿重点回顾了疲劳寿命预测方法的研究、不足之处和建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Effect of Physical Parameters on Fatigue Life of Materials and Alloys: A Critical Review
Fatigue refers to the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when a material is subjected to repeated loading and unloading, typically at levels below its ultimate strength. Several failure mechanisms have been observed in practical scenarios, encompassing high-cycle, low-cycle, thermal, surface, corrosion, and fretting fatigue. Fatigue, connected to the failure of numerous engineered products, stands out as a prevalent cause of structural failure in service. Conducting research on the advancement and application of fatigue analysis technologies is crucial because fatigue analysis plays a critical role in determining the service life of components and mitigating the risk of failure. This study compiles data from a wide range of sources and offers a thorough summary of the state of fatigue analysis. It focuses on the effects of different parameters, including hardness, temperature, residual stresses, and hardfacing, on the fatigue life of different materials and their alloys. The fatigue life of alloys is typically high at low temperatures, but it is significantly reduced at high temperatures or under high-stress conditions. One of the main causes of lower fatigue life is residual stress. High-temperature conditions and hardfacing processes cause the development of tensile residual stresses, which in turn decreases fatigue life. But, if the hardness of the material significantly increases due to hardfacing, then the fatigue life also increases. This manuscript focuses on reviewing the research on fatigue-life prediction methods, shortcomings, and recommendations.
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