Seguimiento de los cambios en el uso del suelo y la cobertura del suelo utilizando tecnicas de teledeteccion y SIG en la Isla de Phu Quoc, Provincia de Kien Giang, Vietnam

The changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are among the primary drivers of global environmental changes in many developing countries. In this study, LULC changes were assessed on Phu Quoc Island, located in Kien Giang province, Vietnam, from 2001 to 2022. The study utilized remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology using Landsat images for the years 2001, 2009, and 2022. Image classification for each year was conducted through supervised classification using a maximum likelihood classifier, with the main LULC classes being forests, bare land, agricultural areas, water bodies, and built-up areas. The accuracy of the classification was evaluated using the kappa coefficient, achieving values consistently above 0.8 for all three images. Over the 20-year period (2001-2022), the area of forest, agriculture, and water bodies decreased by 14.90 km2, 30.96 km2, and 0.64 km2, respectively. Meanwhile, the areas of bare land and built-up areas increased by 22.22 km2 and 24.28 km2, respectively. Additionally, this study employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) to quickly assess LULC changes, obtaining results consistent with the supervised classification. The findings underscore the importance of closely monitoring LULC changes to facilitate effective natural resource management and maintain a sustainable environment.