Comparison of direct-drive Vernier wind generators for potential use at ≥10 MW power level

This paper investigates the benefits and challenges of the multi-MW direct-drive offshore wind Vernier generators. It is worth noting that the comparison of generator topologies presented in ref. [1] was for the same power level and therefore a reduced machine volume for the surface-mounted permanent magnet Vernier (SPM-V) generators. This would mainly impact the capital expenditure (CAPEX) cost between the different investigated machines. Whereas in this paper, the performance is compared for the same machine volume that allows the Vernier generators to produce a much higher energy yield than a conventional SPM generator. As the extra energy yield would be beneficial over the lifetime of the turbine, this will have a bigger impact than the CAPEX cost savings with a reduced machine volume. In addition, a novel Vernier machine with magnets on both the stator and rotor has been proposed to further improve the energy yield. In addition to the basic electromagnetic performance, the levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of the three generator topologies, that is, the conventional SPM, SPM-V and the proposed Vernier machines, has been compared. The direct-drive powertrain systems with SPM-V and the proposed Vernier generators can achieve LCOE of 12.3% and 24% lower than that of the conventional SPM generators, indicating their huge potential as an alternative to reduce the overall cost of energy.