宏观历史影响、组群动态和犯罪年龄分布的(不)稳定性:大韩民国的案例

IF 4.6 1区 社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY
Byunggu Kang, Matt Vogel
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引用次数: 0

摘要

犯罪通常被认为是青少年和年轻成年人的行为,在青春期达到顶峰,并随着年龄的增长而下降。然而,越来越多的研究表明,年龄与犯罪的关系既不具有普遍性,因为不同国家的年龄与犯罪的分布轮廓各不相同;也不具有统一性,因为它随着时间的推移而变化。我们认为,要理解年龄与犯罪之间的动态关系,最好从一个视角出发,将出生组群置于他们进入成长期的更广泛的社会历史背景中。我们将这一框架应用于大韩民国,该国经历了快速的人口结构转型,同时在朝鲜战争后经历了数十年的经济发展和社会动荡。我们的研究结果表明,自 20 世纪 70 年代中期以来,韩国的犯罪年龄分布发生了重大变化,从西方国家特有的典型犯罪年龄曲线转变为现在被捕年龄集中在中年的曲线。我们发现,这种变化在很大程度上可归因于特定出生组群--"86 世代"--的老龄化。"86 世代 "的成员在生育高峰期出生,又在 20 世纪 80 年代民主学生运动期间步入青年期,因此处于双重不利地位。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Macro-historical influences, cohort dynamics, and the (in)stability of the age–crime distribution: The case of the Republic of Korea

Crime is often considered a behavior of teenagers and young adults, peaking in adolescence, and declining with age. A growing body of research, however, has demonstrated that the age–crime relationship is neither universal, as the contours of the age–crime distribution vary across countries, nor uniform, as it varies over time. We argue that the dynamics of the age–crime relationship can best be understood through a lens situating birth cohorts within the broader sociohistorical contexts in which they enter their formative years. We apply this framework to the Republic of Korea, a country that has experienced rapid demographic transitions accompanied by decades of economic development and social upheaval after the Korean War. Our findings suggest that the age–crime distribution in Korea has shifted substantially since the mid-1970s, moving from the quintessential age–crime curve characteristic of Western countries to one in which the modal age at arrest is now concentrated in middle age. We find that much of this change can be attributed to the aging of a specific birth cohort—the 86 generation—whose members were dually disadvantaged by being born during a fertility boom and entering young adulthood during the pro-democracy student movements in the 1980s.

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来源期刊
Criminology
Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
6.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: Criminology is devoted to crime and deviant behavior. Disciplines covered in Criminology include: - sociology - psychology - design - systems analysis - decision theory Major emphasis is placed on empirical research and scientific methodology. Criminology"s content also includes articles which review the literature or deal with theoretical issues stated in the literature as well as suggestions for the types of investigation which might be carried out in the future.
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