港口评估和排名的多标准决策模型:使用 PCA-TOPSIS 方法分析拉丁美洲和加勒比地区的集装箱码头

Adriana Pabón-Noguera, M. G. Carrasco-García, J. J. Ruíz-Aguilar, M. I. Rodríguez-García, María Cerbán-Jimenez, Ignacio José Turias Domínguez
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摘要

近年来,尽管国际贸易下降,COVID-19 又导致供应链中断,但拉丁美洲和加勒比地区(LAC)的主要集装箱码头的集装箱吞吐量仍在增加。为满足新的需求,海港及其管理机构必须做出重大调整。因此,对其绩效、效率和竞争力,尤其是最相关的物流方面进行了重点分析。本文采用了一种多目标混合方法。主成分分析(PCA)技术与理想解相似度排序技术(TOPSIS)相结合,对拉加地区集装箱码头进行排序,并确定影响效率的运营标准。分析考虑了所有输入变量(泊位/码头长度、码头吃水、堆场面积、码头起重机(集装箱)数量、堆场起重机(集装箱)数量、堆垛机、多机位起重机、每日集装箱运输能力、站式冷藏集装箱类型数量、码头数量以及到巴拿马运河的距离)和输出变量(2014 年至 2023 年以 TEU 表示的港口绩效)。结果显示,几个码头的情况值得注意,尤其是科隆、桑托斯或卡塔赫纳,它们不仅在年度标准箱吞吐量方面,而且在资源利用率方面都是拉加地区的主要集装箱港口。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Multicriteria Decision Model for Port Evaluation and Ranking: An Analysis of Container Terminals in Latin America and the Caribbean Using PCA-TOPSIS Methodologies
In recent years, despite a decline in international trade and disruptions in the supply chain caused by COVID-19, the main container terminals in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have increased their container volumes. This growth has necessitated significant adaptations by seaports and their authorities to meet new demands. Consequently, there has been a focused analysis on the performance, efficiency, and competitiveness, particularly their most relevant logistical aspects. In this paper, a multi-objective hybrid approach was employed. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique was combined with the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank LAC container terminals and identify operational criteria affecting efficiency. The analysis considered all input variables (berth/quay length, quay draught, yard area, number of quay cranes (portainer), number of yard cranes (trastainer), reachstacker, multicranes, daily montainer movement capacity, number of station reefer container type, number of terminals, and distance to the Panama Canal) and output variable (port performance expressed in TEUs from 2014 to 2023). The results revealed noteworthy findings for several terminals, particularly Colón, Santos, or Cartagena, which stands out as the main container port in LAC not only in annual TEUs throughput, but also in resource utilization.
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