{"title":"热浪滚滚沙漠蝙蝠的体温调节和蒸发冷却模式","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103919","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For small endotherms inhabiting desert ecosystems, defending body temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>b</sub>) is challenging as they contend with extremely high ambient temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>a</sub>) and limited standing water. In the arid zone, bats may thermoconform whereby <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> varies with <em>T</em><sub>a</sub>, or may evaporatively cool themselves to maintain <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> < <em>T</em><sub>a</sub>. We used an integrative approach that combined both temperature telemetry and flow through respirometry to investigate the ecological and physiological strategies of lesser long-eared bats (<em>Nyctophilus geoffroyi</em>) in Australia's arid zone. We predicted individuals would exhibit desert-adapted thermoregulatory patterns (i.e., thermoconform to prioritise water conservation), and that females would be more conservative with their water reserves for evaporative cooling compared to males. Temperature telemetry data indicated that free-ranging <em>N. geoffroyi</em> were heterothermic (<em>T</em><sub>skin</sub> = 18.9–44.9 °C) during summer and thermoconformed over a wide range of temperatures, likely to conserve water and energy during the day. Experimentally, at high <em>T</em><sub>a</sub>s, females maintained significantly lower <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> and resting metabolic rates, despite lower evaporative water loss (EWL) rates compared to males. Females only increased EWL at experimental <em>T</em><sub><em>a</em></sub> = 42.5 °C, significantly higher than males (40.7 °C), and higher than any bat species yet recorded. During the hottest day of this study, our estimates suggest the water required for evaporative cooling ranged from 18.3% (females) and 25.5% (males) of body mass. However, if we extrapolate these results to a recent heatwave these values increase to 36.5% and 47.3%, which are likely beyond lethal limits. It appears this population is under selective pressures to conserve water reserves and that these pressures are more pronounced in females than males. Bats in arid ecosystems are threatened by both current and future heatwaves and we recommend future conservation efforts focus on protecting current roost trees and creating artificial standing water sites near vulnerable populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17428,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thermal biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001372/pdfft?md5=f8bf70834981855780dd896c72c96d94&pid=1-s2.0-S0306456524001372-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The heat is on: Thermoregulatory and evaporative cooling patterns of desert-dwelling bats\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103919\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>For small endotherms inhabiting desert ecosystems, defending body temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>b</sub>) is challenging as they contend with extremely high ambient temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>a</sub>) and limited standing water. In the arid zone, bats may thermoconform whereby <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> varies with <em>T</em><sub>a</sub>, or may evaporatively cool themselves to maintain <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> < <em>T</em><sub>a</sub>. We used an integrative approach that combined both temperature telemetry and flow through respirometry to investigate the ecological and physiological strategies of lesser long-eared bats (<em>Nyctophilus geoffroyi</em>) in Australia's arid zone. We predicted individuals would exhibit desert-adapted thermoregulatory patterns (i.e., thermoconform to prioritise water conservation), and that females would be more conservative with their water reserves for evaporative cooling compared to males. Temperature telemetry data indicated that free-ranging <em>N. geoffroyi</em> were heterothermic (<em>T</em><sub>skin</sub> = 18.9–44.9 °C) during summer and thermoconformed over a wide range of temperatures, likely to conserve water and energy during the day. Experimentally, at high <em>T</em><sub>a</sub>s, females maintained significantly lower <em>T</em><sub>b</sub> and resting metabolic rates, despite lower evaporative water loss (EWL) rates compared to males. Females only increased EWL at experimental <em>T</em><sub><em>a</em></sub> = 42.5 °C, significantly higher than males (40.7 °C), and higher than any bat species yet recorded. During the hottest day of this study, our estimates suggest the water required for evaporative cooling ranged from 18.3% (females) and 25.5% (males) of body mass. However, if we extrapolate these results to a recent heatwave these values increase to 36.5% and 47.3%, which are likely beyond lethal limits. It appears this population is under selective pressures to conserve water reserves and that these pressures are more pronounced in females than males. Bats in arid ecosystems are threatened by both current and future heatwaves and we recommend future conservation efforts focus on protecting current roost trees and creating artificial standing water sites near vulnerable populations.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":17428,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of thermal biology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001372/pdfft?md5=f8bf70834981855780dd896c72c96d94&pid=1-s2.0-S0306456524001372-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of thermal biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001372\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of thermal biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306456524001372","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
The heat is on: Thermoregulatory and evaporative cooling patterns of desert-dwelling bats
For small endotherms inhabiting desert ecosystems, defending body temperatures (Tb) is challenging as they contend with extremely high ambient temperatures (Ta) and limited standing water. In the arid zone, bats may thermoconform whereby Tb varies with Ta, or may evaporatively cool themselves to maintain Tb < Ta. We used an integrative approach that combined both temperature telemetry and flow through respirometry to investigate the ecological and physiological strategies of lesser long-eared bats (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) in Australia's arid zone. We predicted individuals would exhibit desert-adapted thermoregulatory patterns (i.e., thermoconform to prioritise water conservation), and that females would be more conservative with their water reserves for evaporative cooling compared to males. Temperature telemetry data indicated that free-ranging N. geoffroyi were heterothermic (Tskin = 18.9–44.9 °C) during summer and thermoconformed over a wide range of temperatures, likely to conserve water and energy during the day. Experimentally, at high Tas, females maintained significantly lower Tb and resting metabolic rates, despite lower evaporative water loss (EWL) rates compared to males. Females only increased EWL at experimental Ta = 42.5 °C, significantly higher than males (40.7 °C), and higher than any bat species yet recorded. During the hottest day of this study, our estimates suggest the water required for evaporative cooling ranged from 18.3% (females) and 25.5% (males) of body mass. However, if we extrapolate these results to a recent heatwave these values increase to 36.5% and 47.3%, which are likely beyond lethal limits. It appears this population is under selective pressures to conserve water reserves and that these pressures are more pronounced in females than males. Bats in arid ecosystems are threatened by both current and future heatwaves and we recommend future conservation efforts focus on protecting current roost trees and creating artificial standing water sites near vulnerable populations.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Thermal Biology publishes articles that advance our knowledge on the ways and mechanisms through which temperature affects man and animals. This includes studies of their responses to these effects and on the ecological consequences. Directly relevant to this theme are:
• The mechanisms of thermal limitation, heat and cold injury, and the resistance of organisms to extremes of temperature
• The mechanisms involved in acclimation, acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation to temperature
• Mechanisms underlying the patterns of hibernation, torpor, dormancy, aestivation and diapause
• Effects of temperature on reproduction and development, growth, ageing and life-span
• Studies on modelling heat transfer between organisms and their environment
• The contributions of temperature to effects of climate change on animal species and man
• Studies of conservation biology and physiology related to temperature
• Behavioural and physiological regulation of body temperature including its pathophysiology and fever
• Medical applications of hypo- and hyperthermia
Article types:
• Original articles
• Review articles