施肥和耕作管理缓解了紫色土坡耕地的微生物氮限制:生态酶化学计量学的证据

IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Asif Khan, Tianyang Li, Binghui He, Jianhong Song
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引用次数: 0

摘要

施肥和耕作管理会严重影响作物产量,改变土壤养分的可用性,并影响微生物群落,从而导致严重的化学计量失衡。然而,这些做法如何反映农业生态系统中土壤微生物潜在的养分限制仍不清楚。在此,我们对玉米作物的土壤样本(0-10 厘米和 10-20 厘米)进行了为期 15 年的长期田间试验,并考虑了五种不同的处理方法(不施肥+下坡耕作、粪肥和矿物肥料混合施肥+下坡耕作、单独施用矿物肥料+下坡耕作、1.在一块 15° 的紫色土壤坡耕地上部署了 5 倍矿物肥料 + 下坡耕作和矿物肥料 + 等高耕作,分别代表 CK、T1、T2、T3 和 T4),利用各种胞外酶化学计量法(EES)探索潜在的微生物资源限制。结果表明,施肥方法(即 T1、T2、T3 和 T4)显著影响胞外酶活性(EEA),尤其是在 0-10 厘米和 10-20 厘米土壤深度的 T1 和 T3。各处理的细胞外酶活性比率自然对数平均值在 0-10 厘米处为 1.23:1.34:1.00,在 10-20 厘米处为 1.23:1.32:1.00,偏离了 1:1:1 的总体平均值,表明微生物资源不平衡。根据阈值元素比(TER)和可用资源比(RC:N - TERC:N >0)的计算结果,EES(低于1:1线)和矢量角(<45°)的散点图显示,施肥和栽培管理缓解了微生物的氮限制。此外,N:P 的强平衡分析和 N:P 化学计量失衡的显著增加也综合支持了土壤微生物的氮限制。热图相关性和随机森林分析表明,C:N、EESC:N 和 N:P 化学计量失衡是影响微生物氮限制的主要因素。根据偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM),土壤 EEA 是诱导微生物氮限制的驱动因素。通过考虑施肥和栽培管理下的 EEA 化学计量方法,这些发现有助于更好地理解微生物资源限制的状况,并为调节由土壤生态过程介导的土壤养分循环(即氮循环)以及调整全球类似高强度农业生态系统的管理提供了见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fertilization and cultivation management alleviate microbial nitrogen limitation in purple soil sloping farmland: Evidence from ecoenzymatic stoichiometry

Fertilization and cultivation management strongly affect crop productivity, alter soil nutrient availability, and influence microbial communities, leading to substantial stoichiometric imbalances. However, how these practices reflect the potential nutrient limitation of soil microbes in agricultural ecosystems remains unclear. Herein, soil samples (0–10 and 10–20 cm) from a maize crop subjected to a 15-year long-term field experiment considering five different treatments (no fertilizer + downslope cultivation, combined manure and mineral fertilizers + downslope cultivation, mineral fertilizer alone + downslope cultivation, 1.5-fold mineral fertilizer + downslope cultivation and mineral fertilizer + contour cultivation representing CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively) were deployed on a 15° purple soil sloping farmland to explore the potential microbial resource limitation using various extracellular enzyme stoichiometry (EES) approaches. Our results revealed that fertilization practices (i.e., T1, T2, T3, and T4) significantly influenced extracellular enzyme activity (EEA), particularly in T1 and T3 at the 0–10 and 10–20 cm soil depths. The mean natural logarithms of the EES ratio across the treatments were 1.23:1.34:1.00 at 0–10 cm and 1.23:1.32:1.00 at 10–20 cm depths, deviating from the overall global mean of 1:1:1, suggesting an imbalance in microbial resources. Based on the calculations of threshold elemental ratio (TER) and available resource ratios (RC:N – TERC:N > 0), scatter plots of EES (below the 1:1 line) and vector angle (<45°) revealed that fertilization and cultivation management alleviated microbial N limitation. Furthermore, a strong homeostasis analysis of N:P and a significant increase in the N:P stoichiometry imbalance also synthetically supported N limitation from soil microbes. Heatmap correlation and random forest analysis showed that C:N, EESC:N and N:P stoichiometry imbalances were the main factors influencing microbial N limitation. Based on partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM), soil EEA was the driving factor that induced microbial N limitation. These findings enable greater comprehension of the status of microbial resource limitation by considering the EEA stoichiometry approach under fertilization and cultivation management and provide insight into regulating soil nutrient cycling (i.e., N cycle) mediated by soil ecological processes and adjusting their management in similar intense agroecosystems worldwide.

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来源期刊
Ecological Engineering
Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
5.30%
发文量
293
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.
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