{"title":"农民是否愿意接受旅游收入对大象作物损害的补偿和共存支持?斯里兰卡的证据","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108300","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many regions of the world the incidence of human-wildlife conflict is increasing. This problem is made more complex in countries where wildlife are a key tourist attraction. For example, while subsistence farmers' crops can be destroyed by elephants, they are at the same time an important tourist drawcard. This study of human-wildlife conflict in Sri Lanka explores this issue and proposes as a solution a compensation scheme for farmers funded from revenue raised from tourism revenue and/or a tourism levy such as an embarkation tax. To ascertain the viability of this proposal we investigate affected farmers' willingness to accept compensation for elephant-related crop damage thereby providing an economic means for coexistence. The scheme proposed was tested by undertaking a discrete choice experiment involving 439 affected farm households. The modelling results show that farmers perceive an increased disutility from elephants visiting their farmland. However, they are willing to accept an average compensation of US$295 per acre when the entire crop is destroyed. The modelling exhibits preference heterogeneity: farmers' education, gender, tourism opportunities and membership in environmental clubs significantly influence their preference to coexist with human-elephant conflict (HEC). In particular, the interactions between ‘crop switching and education’ and ‘crop switching and gender’ reveal that better educated and male farmers are more inclined to adapt by changing crops on their farmlands compared to their less educated and female counterparts. Furthermore, farmers who prioritize tourism opportunities and those affiliated with environmental clubs are more open to coexistence, as they are willing to accommodate a greater number of elephants visiting their farmland compared to their counterparts. The key outcome of this study is that tourism has the potential to contribute to and form the basis for resolving HEC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51021,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Are farmers willing to accept compensation from tourism revenue for elephant crop damage and coexistence support? Evidence from Sri Lanka\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2024.108300\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In many regions of the world the incidence of human-wildlife conflict is increasing. This problem is made more complex in countries where wildlife are a key tourist attraction. For example, while subsistence farmers' crops can be destroyed by elephants, they are at the same time an important tourist drawcard. This study of human-wildlife conflict in Sri Lanka explores this issue and proposes as a solution a compensation scheme for farmers funded from revenue raised from tourism revenue and/or a tourism levy such as an embarkation tax. To ascertain the viability of this proposal we investigate affected farmers' willingness to accept compensation for elephant-related crop damage thereby providing an economic means for coexistence. The scheme proposed was tested by undertaking a discrete choice experiment involving 439 affected farm households. The modelling results show that farmers perceive an increased disutility from elephants visiting their farmland. However, they are willing to accept an average compensation of US$295 per acre when the entire crop is destroyed. The modelling exhibits preference heterogeneity: farmers' education, gender, tourism opportunities and membership in environmental clubs significantly influence their preference to coexist with human-elephant conflict (HEC). In particular, the interactions between ‘crop switching and education’ and ‘crop switching and gender’ reveal that better educated and male farmers are more inclined to adapt by changing crops on their farmlands compared to their less educated and female counterparts. Furthermore, farmers who prioritize tourism opportunities and those affiliated with environmental clubs are more open to coexistence, as they are willing to accommodate a greater number of elephants visiting their farmland compared to their counterparts. The key outcome of this study is that tourism has the potential to contribute to and form the basis for resolving HEC.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51021,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecological Economics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecological Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"96\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001976\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"经济学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecological Economics","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800924001976","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Are farmers willing to accept compensation from tourism revenue for elephant crop damage and coexistence support? Evidence from Sri Lanka
In many regions of the world the incidence of human-wildlife conflict is increasing. This problem is made more complex in countries where wildlife are a key tourist attraction. For example, while subsistence farmers' crops can be destroyed by elephants, they are at the same time an important tourist drawcard. This study of human-wildlife conflict in Sri Lanka explores this issue and proposes as a solution a compensation scheme for farmers funded from revenue raised from tourism revenue and/or a tourism levy such as an embarkation tax. To ascertain the viability of this proposal we investigate affected farmers' willingness to accept compensation for elephant-related crop damage thereby providing an economic means for coexistence. The scheme proposed was tested by undertaking a discrete choice experiment involving 439 affected farm households. The modelling results show that farmers perceive an increased disutility from elephants visiting their farmland. However, they are willing to accept an average compensation of US$295 per acre when the entire crop is destroyed. The modelling exhibits preference heterogeneity: farmers' education, gender, tourism opportunities and membership in environmental clubs significantly influence their preference to coexist with human-elephant conflict (HEC). In particular, the interactions between ‘crop switching and education’ and ‘crop switching and gender’ reveal that better educated and male farmers are more inclined to adapt by changing crops on their farmlands compared to their less educated and female counterparts. Furthermore, farmers who prioritize tourism opportunities and those affiliated with environmental clubs are more open to coexistence, as they are willing to accommodate a greater number of elephants visiting their farmland compared to their counterparts. The key outcome of this study is that tourism has the potential to contribute to and form the basis for resolving HEC.
期刊介绍:
Ecological Economics is concerned with extending and integrating the understanding of the interfaces and interplay between "nature''s household" (ecosystems) and "humanity''s household" (the economy). Ecological economics is an interdisciplinary field defined by a set of concrete problems or challenges related to governing economic activity in a way that promotes human well-being, sustainability, and justice. The journal thus emphasizes critical work that draws on and integrates elements of ecological science, economics, and the analysis of values, behaviors, cultural practices, institutional structures, and societal dynamics. The journal is transdisciplinary in spirit and methodologically open, drawing on the insights offered by a variety of intellectual traditions, and appealing to a diverse readership.
Specific research areas covered include: valuation of natural resources, sustainable agriculture and development, ecologically integrated technology, integrated ecologic-economic modelling at scales from local to regional to global, implications of thermodynamics for economics and ecology, renewable resource management and conservation, critical assessments of the basic assumptions underlying current economic and ecological paradigms and the implications of alternative assumptions, economic and ecological consequences of genetically engineered organisms, and gene pool inventory and management, alternative principles for valuing natural wealth, integrating natural resources and environmental services into national income and wealth accounts, methods of implementing efficient environmental policies, case studies of economic-ecologic conflict or harmony, etc. New issues in this area are rapidly emerging and will find a ready forum in Ecological Economics.