{"title":"MMC-HVDC 变流器变压器负序匝间故障保护方案的可靠性分析","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110129","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses two complex areas of research: the detection of turn-to-turn faults (TTF) in power transformers and the impact of inverter-based resources on the TTF protection scheme operation. Detecting turn-to-turn faults in power transformers by protection algorithms poses a challenge due to the minimal fault currents observed at transformer terminals. Yet, the demand for dependable TTF protection is very high because of the high fault currents inside the shorted turns and the resulting damage consequences. On the other hand, for such sensitive protection, adverse conditions such as transformer inrush currents or CT errors may lead to protection maloperation. Moreover, the fault current characteristic of the inverter-based source infeed is very different compared to the synchronous machine infeed, particularly concerning the negative-sequence current used in the TTF protection schemes, which calls for thorough research analysis. A simulation model of the converter transformer capable of simulating TTFs, and the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission link, has been developed. The test results of turn-to-turn fault protection schemes in inverter-based generation-dominated power systems compared to the synchronous generator infeed are presented. The negative-sequence current protection quantities are analysed in more detail for TTFs with small and large number of shorted turns, i.e. without and with reactive negative-sequence current injection by the MMC control. Finally, the paper assesses the dependability of the transformer differential protection and sensitive TTF protection schemes in detecting faults with different numbers of shorted turns and fault resistance for TTFs occurring in the star and delta winding of the converter transformer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50326,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524003508/pdfft?md5=04150adf9a83f8c7ae4df9e1a699466d&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524003508-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dependability Analysis of the Negative-Sequence Turn-to-Turn Fault Protection Schemes for MMC-HVDC Converter Transformers\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110129\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>This paper addresses two complex areas of research: the detection of turn-to-turn faults (TTF) in power transformers and the impact of inverter-based resources on the TTF protection scheme operation. Detecting turn-to-turn faults in power transformers by protection algorithms poses a challenge due to the minimal fault currents observed at transformer terminals. Yet, the demand for dependable TTF protection is very high because of the high fault currents inside the shorted turns and the resulting damage consequences. On the other hand, for such sensitive protection, adverse conditions such as transformer inrush currents or CT errors may lead to protection maloperation. Moreover, the fault current characteristic of the inverter-based source infeed is very different compared to the synchronous machine infeed, particularly concerning the negative-sequence current used in the TTF protection schemes, which calls for thorough research analysis. A simulation model of the converter transformer capable of simulating TTFs, and the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission link, has been developed. The test results of turn-to-turn fault protection schemes in inverter-based generation-dominated power systems compared to the synchronous generator infeed are presented. The negative-sequence current protection quantities are analysed in more detail for TTFs with small and large number of shorted turns, i.e. without and with reactive negative-sequence current injection by the MMC control. Finally, the paper assesses the dependability of the transformer differential protection and sensitive TTF protection schemes in detecting faults with different numbers of shorted turns and fault resistance for TTFs occurring in the star and delta winding of the converter transformer.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50326,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-07-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524003508/pdfft?md5=04150adf9a83f8c7ae4df9e1a699466d&pid=1-s2.0-S0142061524003508-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524003508\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142061524003508","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
Dependability Analysis of the Negative-Sequence Turn-to-Turn Fault Protection Schemes for MMC-HVDC Converter Transformers
This paper addresses two complex areas of research: the detection of turn-to-turn faults (TTF) in power transformers and the impact of inverter-based resources on the TTF protection scheme operation. Detecting turn-to-turn faults in power transformers by protection algorithms poses a challenge due to the minimal fault currents observed at transformer terminals. Yet, the demand for dependable TTF protection is very high because of the high fault currents inside the shorted turns and the resulting damage consequences. On the other hand, for such sensitive protection, adverse conditions such as transformer inrush currents or CT errors may lead to protection maloperation. Moreover, the fault current characteristic of the inverter-based source infeed is very different compared to the synchronous machine infeed, particularly concerning the negative-sequence current used in the TTF protection schemes, which calls for thorough research analysis. A simulation model of the converter transformer capable of simulating TTFs, and the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) for a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission link, has been developed. The test results of turn-to-turn fault protection schemes in inverter-based generation-dominated power systems compared to the synchronous generator infeed are presented. The negative-sequence current protection quantities are analysed in more detail for TTFs with small and large number of shorted turns, i.e. without and with reactive negative-sequence current injection by the MMC control. Finally, the paper assesses the dependability of the transformer differential protection and sensitive TTF protection schemes in detecting faults with different numbers of shorted turns and fault resistance for TTFs occurring in the star and delta winding of the converter transformer.
期刊介绍:
The journal covers theoretical developments in electrical power and energy systems and their applications. The coverage embraces: generation and network planning; reliability; long and short term operation; expert systems; neural networks; object oriented systems; system control centres; database and information systems; stock and parameter estimation; system security and adequacy; network theory, modelling and computation; small and large system dynamics; dynamic model identification; on-line control including load and switching control; protection; distribution systems; energy economics; impact of non-conventional systems; and man-machine interfaces.
As well as original research papers, the journal publishes short contributions, book reviews and conference reports. All papers are peer-reviewed by at least two referees.