Setting sail for Paris 2024: Retrospective analysis of world-class ILCA 7 Olympic sailors' cardiorespiratory fitness (2015-2020).

The aim of this retrospective analysis was to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the cardiorespiratory profile of world-class ILCA-7 sailors (n = 3, all males), through a longitudinal evaluation offering real-world data on physiological profile and exercise intensity domains. The cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed by the same researchers using the same equipment during the study. Assessments took place twice a year, aligning with major international competition preparations. Participants trained and competed at the same sailing club in Split, Croatia, under consistent supervision from the same team throughout the study, winning a total of 21 medals at major international competitions. The recorded ${\dot{V}}_{O_2\mathrm{peak}}$ ranged from 51.7 ± 1.6 to 61.9 ± 3.0 mL min^-1 kg^-1, respectively. Similarly, peak power output varied from 352 ± 10 to 426 ± 34 W. The changes in physiological responses at the ventilatory thresholds were proportional to the changes in peak cardiorespiratory fitness capacity. Interestingly, the oxygen pulse measured in 2015 was 25 ± 1 mL O₂ beat^-1. Over the subsequent 6 years, the O₂ pulse marginally increased and appeared to stabilize at 27 ± 1 mL O₂ beat^-1 in 2020, when these athletes were 32 ± 3 years old. This work offers a broader understanding of world-class Olympic sailors' cardiorespiratory fitness, going beyond the standard assessment of peak ${\dot{V}}_{O_2}$ to incorporate an analysis of ventilatory thresholds. While a direct link between cardiorespiratory fitness and competitive success remains ambiguous, the importance of a well-rounded aerobic capacity for excellence in ILCA-7 sailing class is evident. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? What are the temporal changes in the physiological profiles of three world-class ILCA-7 sailors? What is the main finding and its importance? Data on oxygen pulse adjustments suggest the involvement of compensatory cardiovascular mechanisms, likely associated with the isometric and quasi-isometric contractions inherent in ILCA-7 sailing. This is evidenced by the absence of an age-related increase in oxygen pulse, a phenomenon often observed in endurance athletes throughout their competitive careers.