野生浣熊解决问题的能力与外部因素和个体特征的关系

IF 2.3 2区 生物学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Louis Lazure , Robert B. Weladji
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引用次数: 0

摘要

动物的创新认知过程会产生新的或改变的行为,以应对新的挑战。普通浣熊依靠其解决问题的能力来利用人类无法免费提供的资源。因此,它们经常卷入人类与野生动物的冲突。我们使用两种难度不同的食物提取任务来测量生活在加拿大三个保护区的野生浣熊解决问题的能力。我们根据人类足迹在每个公园内的两个不同地点进行了实验:休闲区和保护区。我们还研究了同类的存在和两种行为特征(探索多样性和持久性)对成绩的影响。从成功率和成功时间来看,其中一个谜题更容易解决。区域(人类的存在)并不影响解题成绩,而解题时间则随着同类的存在而增加。探索多样性与成功率和解题时间呈正相关。与预测相反,坚持并不能提高成绩。在成功率和完成时间方面也存在个体差异。我们鼓励使用多个并发测试来评估野生个体的问题解决能力。总之,我们提供了更多证据,证明浣熊是解决问题的能手,具有适应新觅食机会的潜力,是研究哺乳动物创新的相关物种。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Problem-solving ability in wild raccoons, Procyon lotor, in relation to external factors and individual traits

The cognitive process of innovation in animals produces new or modified behaviours in response to new challenges. Common raccoons rely on their problem-solving ability to exploit anthropogenic resources that are not freely available. As a result, they are often involved in human–wildlife conflict. We used two food extraction tasks of varying difficulty levels to measure problem-solving ability in wild raccoons living in three Canadian protected areas. We conducted experiments in two distinct locations within each park based on human footprint: recreation and preservation zones. We also looked at the effect of the presence of conspecifics and of two behavioural traits (exploratory diversity and persistence) on performance. Performance differed between the puzzles, with one of them being easier to solve based on success rate and time to success. The zone (presence of humans) did not affect problem-solving performance, while there was a tendency for solving time to increase with the presence of conspecifics. Exploratory diversity was positively related to success rate and time taken to solve. Contrary to predictions, persistence did not improve performance. There were also individual differences in performance in term of success rate and time to completion. We encourage using multiple concurrent tests to evaluate problem solving with wild individuals. Overall, we provide additional evidence that raccoons are apt problem-solvers, with the potential to adapt to new foraging opportunities, and a relevant species to study innovation in mammals.

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来源期刊
Animal Behaviour
Animal Behaviour 生物-动物学
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
8.00%
发文量
236
审稿时长
10.2 weeks
期刊介绍: Growing interest in behavioural biology and the international reputation of Animal Behaviour prompted an expansion to monthly publication in 1989. Animal Behaviour continues to be the journal of choice for biologists, ethologists, psychologists, physiologists, and veterinarians with an interest in the subject.
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