Study on the integration of hydrogen in a multi-cylinder low heat rejection diesel engine using a ternary blend

Among alternative fuels, hydrogen (H₂) holds significant promise as both a fuel and an energy carrier. It is expected to become a key alternative fuel in the near future to meet stringent pollution standards. H₂ is used in internal combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines, and the aerospace industry due to its non-toxic and odorless nature, high calorific value (CV), and wide temperature range of combustibility. Additionally, it is a long-term renewable energy source that produces fewer pollutants. This study explores the impact of different H₂ ratios on combustion behavior, engine performance, and emission characteristics in a dual-fuel compression ignition (CI) diesel engine. The current research focuses on the effect of TB of ethanol, Jatropha methyl ester, and diesel with the induction of H₂ with different flow rates in diesel engine in dual fuel mode (DFM). The tests were performed at different engine loads, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% at a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm. H₂ is inducted at different flow rates like 2, 4, and 6 Litres per minute (lpm). Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is used to coat the cylinder head, piston crown, and valves with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The combined effect of TB fuel and H₂ in a CI engine improves combustion and engine performance. At full load condition, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is improved by 11.5% for TB fuel with H₂ at 6 lpm, and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) increased by 12.7%. The cylinder pressure (CP) and heat release rate (HRR) are increased by 7.5% and 10.6% at TB fuel with 6 lpm of H₂ induction. The utilization of H₂ as an alternative energy source has significant consequences for the future of green energy production.