Comparative in-vitro analysis of amniotic Fluid's efficacy in sustaining viability and regulating apoptosis of periodontal fibroblasts versus HBSS.

Background: Tooth avulsion necessitates swift replantation, for which the preservation of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability is paramount. Various storage media have been explored, yet a comparison between amniotic fluid (AF) obtained at different gestational stages (amniocentesis and full-term) and HBSS is lacking.

Aim: This study aims to evaluate AF (amniocentesis and full-term) against HBSS in sustaining PDL cell viability and regulating apoptosis at different time points.

Material and methods: Periodontal fibroblasts cultured in α-MEM were treated with 100% AF (amniocentesis), 100% AF (full-term), and HBSS, incubated for 1, 3, 24, and 48 h at 37°C, and assessed using the MTT assay for viability and AO/EB staining for apoptosis, which was analyzed via fluorescent microscopy after 24 h. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, multivariate ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's multiple comparison tests (p < .05).

Results: Amniotic fluid (amniocentesis) exhibited the highest optical density (OD), which implies the highest cell viability across time intervals, followed by AF (full-term) and HBSS. While HBSS maintained PDL morphology, both AF groups showed altered morphology. No cell death was observed after 24 h.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both AF groups showed the potential to sustain PDL cell viability after 1, 3, 24, and 48 h of storage. However, further investigation is warranted regarding their suitability as storage media.