针对自身免疫性疾病超敏机制的水凝胶方法。

IF 15.2 1区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

强大的适应性免疫反应对于对抗病原体至关重要。然而,在错误的情况下,例如由于遗传和环境因素,自我保护的关键机制也会导致自我耐受性的丧失。由此产生的自身免疫表现为一系列器官特异性或全身性自身免疫疾病,其特征是异常的免疫反应和组织损伤。自身免疫性疾病的发病率呈上升趋势,其医学治疗主要侧重于药物免疫抑制,这使患者面临副作用的风险,包括机会性感染和肿瘤发生。基于生物材料的给药系统为应对与传统疾病治疗相关的挑战提供了许多机会。特别是水凝胶,它可以保护封装的货物(药物或细胞疗法)不受宿主环境的影响,以可控的方式呈现,并可根据疾病状况进行定制,或通过多重功能支持治疗。此外,通过这些方法向受影响部位局部给药有可能将药物作用集中在该部位,减少脱靶暴露,并通过减少频繁给药的需要提高患者的依从性。尽管这些基于生物材料的方法对自身免疫性疾病的治疗有很多益处,但它们主要侧重于超敏机制的下游效应,根除疾病的能力有限。与此相反,直接针对超敏反应机制的方法可以通过减轻自身免疫的基础来预防或阻止疾病的发展。一种很有前景的方法是诱导自身抗原特异性耐受,这种耐受会特异性地抑制破坏性自身反应,同时保留正常的免疫反应。在本综述中,我们将讨论用于治疗自身免疫性疾病的水凝胶系统,重点是那些直接针对超敏机制的系统。随着该领域的不断进步,它将扩大自身免疫疾病患者的治疗选择范围,为改善临床疗效和生活质量提供新的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Hydrogel-based approaches to target hypersensitivity mechanisms underlying autoimmune disease

Hydrogel-based approaches to target hypersensitivity mechanisms underlying autoimmune disease

A robust adaptive immune response is essential for combatting pathogens. In the wrong context such as due to genetic and environmental factors, however, the same mechanisms crucial for self-preservation can lead to a loss of self-tolerance. Resulting autoimmunity manifests in the development of a host of organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases, hallmarked by aberrant immune responses and tissue damage. The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, medical management of which focuses primarily on pharmacological immunosuppression that places patients at a risk of side effects, including opportunistic infections and tumorigenesis. Biomaterial-based drug delivery systems confer many opportunities to address challenges associated with conventional disease management. Hydrogels, in particular, can protect encapsulated cargo (drug or cell therapeutics) from the host environment, afford their presentation in a controlled manner, and can be tailored to respond to disease conditions or support treatment via multiplexed functionality. Moreover, localized delivery to affected sites by these approaches has the potential to concentrate drug action at the site, reduce off-target exposure, and enhance patient compliance by reducing the need for frequent administration. Despite their many benefits for the management of autoimmune disease, such biomaterial-based approaches focus largely on the downstream effects of hypersensitivity mechanisms and have a limited capacity to eradicate the disease. In contrast, direct targeting of mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions uniquely enables prophylaxis or the arrest of disease progression by mitigating the basis of autoimmunity. One promising approach is to induce self-antigen-specific tolerance, which specifically subdues damaging autoreactivity while otherwise retaining the normal immune responses. In this review, we will discuss hydrogel-based systems for the treatment of autoimmune disease, with a focus on those that target hypersensitivity mechanisms head-on. As the field continues to advance, it will expand the range of therapeutic choices for people coping with autoimmune diseases, providing fresh prospects for better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
28.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
294
审稿时长
15.1 weeks
期刊介绍: The aim of the Journal is to provide a forum for the critical analysis of advanced drug and gene delivery systems and their applications in human and veterinary medicine. The Journal has a broad scope, covering the key issues for effective drug and gene delivery, from administration to site-specific delivery. In general, the Journal publishes review articles in a Theme Issue format. Each Theme Issue provides a comprehensive and critical examination of current and emerging research on the design and development of advanced drug and gene delivery systems and their application to experimental and clinical therapeutics. The goal is to illustrate the pivotal role of a multidisciplinary approach to modern drug delivery, encompassing the application of sound biological and physicochemical principles to the engineering of drug delivery systems to meet the therapeutic need at hand. Importantly the Editorial Team of ADDR asks that the authors effectively window the extensive volume of literature, pick the important contributions and explain their importance, produce a forward looking identification of the challenges facing the field and produce a Conclusions section with expert recommendations to address the issues.
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