大 "直径圆柱形鬃毛集群鱼道创造的水力条件

IF 3.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY
Andrew S. Vowles , Daniella Montali-Ashworth , Perikles Karageorgopoulos , Paul S. Kemp
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引用次数: 0

摘要

圆柱形鬃毛簇(CBC)为斜堰提供了多物种鱼类通过的解决方案。迄今为止试验过的配置(CBC 之间的最小对角线间距为 0.17 米)都是为了方便体型相对较小(例如 30 厘米)的溯河鱼类通过而设计的,可能会妨碍体型较大(例如 40 厘米)的鱼类(如成年溯河鲑鱼)的活动。因此,在这项研究中,我们评估了大直径(0.13 米)CBC 阵列所创造的水力条件,其间距比以往的研究(最小对角线间距 0.29 米)要大,以确定这种条件是否既适合小型鱼类通过,又能为大型鱼类提供足够的活动空间。在明渠水槽中进行了两次实验。实验 1 量化了模型克伦普堰在未修改和安装了 CBC 的超临界流(Fr 1.23-3.01)条件下,在 1:5 的下游坡面上,在低流量(0.08 m3 s-1)和高流量(0.23 m3 s-1)条件下产生的水力条件。在 CBC 的后方出现了低水流速度斑块,在低水流速度(30.1%)和高水流速度(22.3%)下,水流速度中值(时间和空间平均值)都有所降低。根据欧洲两种常见鱼类--鳊鱼和褐鳟(0.16 米长,游动温度为 15.1 °C)的突发游速估算,流速降低将有利于鱼类逆流而上。实验 2 记录了 CBC 阵列内的垂直速度剖面和剪应力特征(湍流度量)。与实验 1 不同的是,CBC 安装在水槽的平底上,在亚临界流(Fr = 0.31)条件下产生足够的水深。在不超过刷毛高度(> 2 厘米以上)的深度,流速降低(最多 22.5%)。在这些深度以上,与 CBC 阵列上游的明渠条件相比,流速更高(高达 14.6%),垂直剪切层也很明显。由于 CBC 的主要水力效益发生在不超过刚毛的深度,因此其高度应根据现场的具体条件(如目标鱼类的大小和/或基础设施的水深)进行调整。需要进行实地研究,以确定在更长的围堰和更宽的水流范围内的流速降低情况,而不是在水槽条件下进行测试。应进一步研究在超临界水流条件下,安装在陡坡堰上的沉没式 CBC 的水力特性与此处描述的水力特性有何不同。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hydraulic conditions created by a ‘large’ diameter Cylindrical Bristle Cluster fish pass

Cylindrical Bristle Clusters (CBCs) provide a multi-species fish passage solution at sloped weirs. Configurations trialled to date (min. diagonal spacing between CBCs up to 0.17 m) were designed to facilitate passage of relatively small (e.g. < 30 cm) potamodromous species and may hamper the movements of larger bodied (e.g. > 40 cm) fishes, such as adult anadromous salmonids. Therefore, in this study, the hydraulic conditions created by an array of large diameter (0.13 m) CBCs positioned farther apart than in previous studies (min. diagonal spacing 0.29 m) was assessed to determine whether conditions would be suitable for facilitating the passage of small-bodied fish while also providing sufficient space for larger individuals to manoeuvre. Two experiments were conducted in an open channel flume. Experiment 1 quantified the hydraulic conditions created by a model Crump weir when unmodified and with CBCs installed in supercritical flow (Fr 1.23–3.01) on the 1:5 downstream sloping face under a low (0.08 m3 s−1) and high (0.23 m3 s−1) discharge. Patches of low water velocity were created in the wake of the CBCs, and the median (time and space averaged) velocity was reduced under both low (30.1%) and high (22.3%) discharge. Based on estimated burst swimming speeds of two common European species, the roach (Rutilus rutilus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) (0.16 m long, swimming at 15.1 °C), this reduction in velocity would facilitate upstream passage. Experiment 2 documented the vertical velocity profile and shear stress characteristics (a measure of turbulence) within the CBC array. Unlike in Experiment 1, the CBCs were installed on the flat base of the flume and under subcritical flow (Fr = 0.31) to generate sufficient water depth. The velocity was reduced (up to 22.5%) at depths that did not exceed (> 2 cm above) the height of the bristles. Above these depths, velocity was (up to 14.6%) higher compared to open channel conditions upstream of the CBC array and a vertical shear layer was evident. As the main hydraulic benefits of CBCs occur at depths that do not exceed the bristles, their height should be tailored to site specific conditions (e.g. size of target fish species and/or depth of water at infrastructure). Field-based research is needed to determine velocity reduction at longer weirs and under a wider range of flows than can be tested under flume conditions. How the hydraulic characteristics of submerged CBCs differ from those described here with those that occur in the field when installed on a steep sloping weir under supercritical flow should be further investigated.

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来源期刊
Ecological Engineering
Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
5.30%
发文量
293
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.
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