从材料科学的角度看骨分层组织:当前机遇与未来挑战

IF 2.1 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Chiara Micheletti, Furqan A. Shah
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引用次数: 0

摘要

多尺度表征对于更好地了解骨骼的层次结构至关重要,而一系列分析方法有助于探索各种结构和组成方面。将 X 射线断层扫描、X 射线散射、振动光谱和原子探针断层扫描与电子显微镜相结合,提供了一种全面的方法,有助于深入了解骨骼内部的不同组织层次。X 射线散射技术可揭示胶原蛋白与矿物质之间的空间关系,而 X 射线断层扫描则可捕捉三维结构细节,尤其是微观尺度的结构细节。电子显微镜,如扫描和透射电子显微镜,可将分辨率扩展到纳米尺度,显示胶原纤维组织等复杂特征。此外,原子探针断层扫描技术可实现亚纳米级分辨率和高化学灵敏度,从而可对骨骼成分进行详细检查。尽管存在各种技术挑战,但采用相关方法可以全面了解骨材料特性。通过原位和手术方法进行的实时研究揭示了骨的动态过程。最近开发的液态、原位透射电子显微镜等技术可以深入了解磷酸钙的形成和胶原蛋白的矿化。为将结构、组成和功能联系起来而开发的力学模型目前仍然过于简单,但可以加以改进。总之,相关分析平台提供了有关骨细胞外基质的整体视角,对于揭示骨内结构和组成之间错综复杂的相互作用至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Bone hierarchical organization through the lens of materials science: Present opportunities and future challenges

Bone hierarchical organization through the lens of materials science: Present opportunities and future challenges

Multiscale characterization is essential to better understand the hierarchical architecture of bone and an array of analytical methods contributes to exploring the various structural and compositional aspects. Incorporating X-ray tomography, X-ray scattering, vibrational spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography alongside electron microscopy provides a comprehensive approach, offering insights into the diverse levels of organization within bone. X-ray scattering techniques reveal information about collagen-mineral spatial relationships, while X-ray tomography captures 3D structural details, especially at the microscale. Electron microscopy, such as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, extends resolution to the nanoscale, showcasing intricate features such as collagen fibril organization. Additionally, atom probe tomography achieves sub-nanoscale resolution and high chemical sensitivity, enabling detailed examination of bone composition. Despite various technical challenges, a correlative approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of bone material properties. Real-time investigations through in situ and in operando approaches shed light on the dynamic processes in bone. Recently developed techniques such as liquid, in situ transmission electron microscopy provide insights into calcium phosphate formation and collagen mineralization. Mechanical models developed in the effort to link structure, composition, and function currently remain oversimplified but can be improved. In conclusion, correlative analytical platforms provide a holistic perspective of bone extracellular matrix and are essential for unraveling the intricate interplay between structure and composition within bone.

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来源期刊
Bone Reports
Bone Reports Medicine-Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.00%
发文量
444
审稿时长
57 days
期刊介绍: Bone Reports is an interdisciplinary forum for the rapid publication of Original Research Articles and Case Reports across basic, translational and clinical aspects of bone and mineral metabolism. The journal publishes papers that are scientifically sound, with the peer review process focused principally on verifying sound methodologies, and correct data analysis and interpretation. We welcome studies either replicating or failing to replicate a previous study, and null findings. We fulfil a critical and current need to enhance research by publishing reproducibility studies and null findings.
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