环境中的微塑料和纳米塑料:取样、表征和分析方法

IF 4.9 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Sarbanee Mahapatra , Jyoti Prakash Maity , Shuvendu Singha , Tanisha Mishra , Gobinda Dey , Alok Chandra Samal , Pritam Banerjee , Chhanda Biswas , Sourasis Chattopadhyay , Rasmi Ranjan Patra , Sneha Patnaik , Prosun Bhattacharya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

微塑料(MPs)和纳米塑料(NPs)无处不在,对自然环境和人类健康具有潜在影响,因此在环境研究中日益受到关注,这也符合联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)的要求,特别是 SDG-14,即解决至少 12 项 SDGs 直接/间接影响的全球威胁。本综述旨在强调在不同因素(紫外线、光、热、微生物等)的影响下,土壤、地表水和地下水中各种塑料制品的分解过程,这些塑料制品通过不同的自然和人为过程,以 MPs/NPs 的形式迁移到地表水、地下水、空气、土壤和生物体中。综述还重点介绍了对各种环境样本(包括地表/地下水、沉积物、土壤和生物有机体)中这些微小塑料颗粒(PPs)进行取样、表征和分析的方法。MPs/NPs的收集、提取和表征通常采用过滤工艺,即将已知体积的水通过细网,从水样中捕捉MPs/NPs。沉积物/土壤样本需要筛分和密度分离技术,以便从周围的基质中分离出 PPs。生物样本需要消化步骤去除有机物,留下塑料供分析。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)通常用于确定聚丙烯的聚合物成分、大小、形状和表面特征。定量方法包括目视计数、图像分析和光谱技术。通过比较塑料的富集度(即数量/质量)与原始样本的体积或重量,可确定相应环境样本(水、空气、土壤等)中 MPs/NPs 的富集度。此类综合分析方法有助于了解塑料污染的范围和严重程度及其对生态系统和人类福祉的潜在影响,这对于制定有效战略以缓解这些紧迫的全球环境挑战、促进可持续发展至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Microplastics and nanoplastics in environment: Sampling, characterization and analytical methods

Microplastics and nanoplastics in environment: Sampling, characterization and analytical methods

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have gained increasing attention in environmental research due to their ubiquitousness and potential impacts on natural environments and human health as per the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG-14 to address global threats where at least 12 SDGs, directly/indirectly impacts. Present review is undertaken to highlight the process of breakdown of diverse groups of plastic products in soil, surface water, and groundwater under the influence of different factors (UV, light, heat, microbe, etc.), which are mobilized as MPs/NPs to the surface water, groundwater, air, soil, and living organisms by different natural and anthropogenic processes. Review also highlights a comprehensive overview of the methodology for sampling, characterization, and analysis for these minuscule plastic particles (PPs) in various environmental samples, encompassing surface/subsurface water, sediments, soils, and biological organisms. The collection, extraction, and characterization of MPs/NPs, typically employ filtration processes, wherein a known volume of water is passed through a fine mesh to capture MPs/NPs from water samples. Sediment/soil samples require sieving and density separation techniques to isolate PPs from the surrounding matrix. Biological samples require digestion steps to remove organic matter, leaving behind plastics for analysis. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly utilized to determine the polymer composition, size, shape, and surface characteristics of PPs. Quantification involves several approaches, visual counting, image analysis, and spectroscopic techniques. Abundance of MPs/NPs in the respective environmental samples (water, air, soil, etc.) can be determined by comparing the richness (i.e., number/mass) of plastics to the volume or weight of the original sample. Such comprehensive analytical methodologies contribute to understand the scope and magnitude of plastic pollution and its potential repercussions for ecosystems and human well-being, which are essential for developing the effective strategies to mitigate these pressing global environmental challenges for sustainable development.

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来源期刊
Groundwater for Sustainable Development
Groundwater for Sustainable Development Social Sciences-Geography, Planning and Development
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
10.20%
发文量
152
期刊介绍: Groundwater for Sustainable Development is directed to different stakeholders and professionals, including government and non-governmental organizations, international funding agencies, universities, public water institutions, public health and other public/private sector professionals, and other relevant institutions. It is aimed at professionals, academics and students in the fields of disciplines such as: groundwater and its connection to surface hydrology and environment, soil sciences, engineering, ecology, microbiology, atmospheric sciences, analytical chemistry, hydro-engineering, water technology, environmental ethics, economics, public health, policy, as well as social sciences, legal disciplines, or any other area connected with water issues. The objectives of this journal are to facilitate: • The improvement of effective and sustainable management of water resources across the globe. • The improvement of human access to groundwater resources in adequate quantity and good quality. • The meeting of the increasing demand for drinking and irrigation water needed for food security to contribute to a social and economically sound human development. • The creation of a global inter- and multidisciplinary platform and forum to improve our understanding of groundwater resources and to advocate their effective and sustainable management and protection against contamination. • Interdisciplinary information exchange and to stimulate scientific research in the fields of groundwater related sciences and social and health sciences required to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals for sustainable development.
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