Sea turtle conservation in São Tomé and Príncipe: Policies, practices, and insights from a community-based initiative

Unifying research and conservation objectives with the needs of local populations demands a profound understanding of the field. This perspective provides a brief policy and social-cultural context for the conservation of endangered sea turtles in São Tomé and Príncipe, Central Africa. It is illustrated by initiatives implemented from the 90s to the 2000s and complemented by a community-based intervention on Príncipe Island (2010–2014). The intervention focused on awareness-raising, economic-alternatives, capacity-building, and surveillances to deter poaching, collect scientific data, and increase outreach. It contributed to reduce sea turtle exploitation, train local conservationists, and increase awareness to economic alternatives. Securing stakeholders' support is vital for success, and endeavors like this provide a cost-effective approach, aligning biodiversity conservation strategies with local values and aspirations. Overall, this perspective underscores that failure to collaborate with those involved in wildlife subsistence livelihoods often results in delays and setbacks in reducing exploitation, while modest investments in local stewardship can efficiently improve ecosystems and human well-being.