Adan F Ton Loy, Jennifer S Adler, Victoria C Merritt, Scott F Sorg, Mark W Bondi, Lisa Delano-Wood
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Three cognitive composite scores were calculated from the neuropsychological assessment, reflecting visuospatial speed (seven variables), executive functioning (10 variables), and memory (eight variables). Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) adjusted for age, sex, and race-ethnicity were used to assess the effects of APOE (ε4+ vs. ε4-) and BDNF (Met+ vs. Met-) on cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ANCOVAs revealed no significant main effects of APOE or BDNF genotypes on cognitive functioning; however, there was a significant APOE-by-BDNF genotype interaction for all three cognitive composite measures (visuospatial speed: η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>=0.055; executive functioning: η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>=0.064; and memory: η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>=0.068). Specifically, the ε4+/Met+ (N=8) subgroup demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning relative to all other allele subgroups (ε4+/Met-: N=12, ε4-/Met+: N=23, and ε4-/Met-: N=35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory study is the first to show that, compared with other allele subgroups assessed, veterans with both ε4 and Met alleles demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning across several cognitive domains known to be negatively affected in the context of mTBI. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to replicate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16559,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"300-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"APOE×BDNF Interaction and Poorer Cognitive Outcomes Among Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study.\",\"authors\":\"Adan F Ton Loy, Jennifer S Adler, Victoria C Merritt, Scott F Sorg, Mark W Bondi, Lisa Delano-Wood\",\"doi\":\"10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230119\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The authors examined the interaction between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met alleles on neuropsychological functioning among veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 78 veterans with mTBI (85% males; mean±SD age=32.95±7.00 years; mean time since injury=67.97±34.98 months) who completed a structured clinical interview and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Participants also provided a buccal swab for determination of their APOE and BDNF genotypes. Three cognitive composite scores were calculated from the neuropsychological assessment, reflecting visuospatial speed (seven variables), executive functioning (10 variables), and memory (eight variables). Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) adjusted for age, sex, and race-ethnicity were used to assess the effects of APOE (ε4+ vs. ε4-) and BDNF (Met+ vs. Met-) on cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ANCOVAs revealed no significant main effects of APOE or BDNF genotypes on cognitive functioning; however, there was a significant APOE-by-BDNF genotype interaction for all three cognitive composite measures (visuospatial speed: η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>=0.055; executive functioning: η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>=0.064; and memory: η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup>=0.068). Specifically, the ε4+/Met+ (N=8) subgroup demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning relative to all other allele subgroups (ε4+/Met-: N=12, ε4-/Met+: N=23, and ε4-/Met-: N=35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory study is the first to show that, compared with other allele subgroups assessed, veterans with both ε4 and Met alleles demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning across several cognitive domains known to be negatively affected in the context of mTBI. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
研究目的作者研究了载脂蛋白E（APOE）ε4和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）Val66Met等位基因对有轻度脑损伤（mTBI）病史的退伍军人神经心理功能的影响：78名有轻微脑损伤史的退伍军人（85%为男性；平均（±SD）年龄为（32.95±7.00）岁；平均受伤时间为（67.97±34.98）个月）完成了结构化临床访谈并接受了全面的神经心理学评估。参与者还提供了口腔拭子，以确定其 APOE 和 BDNF 基因型。神经心理学评估计算出了三项认知综合评分，分别反映视觉空间速度（7 个变量）、执行功能（10 个变量）和记忆（8 个变量）。采用调整年龄、性别和种族的双向协方差分析（ANCOVA）来评估APOE（ε4+ vs. ε4-）和BDNF（Met+ vs. Met-）对认知功能的影响：方差分析显示，APOE或BDNF基因型对认知功能没有明显的主效应；但是，APOE-BDNF基因型对所有三种认知综合指标（视觉空间速度：ηp2=0.055；执行功能：ηp2=0.064；记忆：ηp2=0.068）都有明显的交互作用。具体而言，相对于所有其他等位基因亚组（ε4+/Met-：N=12；ε4-/Met+：N=23；ε4-/Met-：N=35），ε4+/Met+（N=8）亚组的认知功能最差：这项探索性研究首次表明，与所评估的其他等位基因亚群相比，同时具有ε4和Met等位基因的退伍军人在多个认知领域的认知功能最差，而这些认知领域已知会受到mTBI的负面影响。要复制这些发现，还需要进行样本量更大的进一步研究。
APOE×BDNF Interaction and Poorer Cognitive Outcomes Among Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study.
Objective: The authors examined the interaction between apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met alleles on neuropsychological functioning among veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
Methods: Participants were 78 veterans with mTBI (85% males; mean±SD age=32.95±7.00 years; mean time since injury=67.97±34.98 months) who completed a structured clinical interview and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Participants also provided a buccal swab for determination of their APOE and BDNF genotypes. Three cognitive composite scores were calculated from the neuropsychological assessment, reflecting visuospatial speed (seven variables), executive functioning (10 variables), and memory (eight variables). Two-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) adjusted for age, sex, and race-ethnicity were used to assess the effects of APOE (ε4+ vs. ε4-) and BDNF (Met+ vs. Met-) on cognitive functioning.
Results: ANCOVAs revealed no significant main effects of APOE or BDNF genotypes on cognitive functioning; however, there was a significant APOE-by-BDNF genotype interaction for all three cognitive composite measures (visuospatial speed: ηp2=0.055; executive functioning: ηp2=0.064; and memory: ηp2=0.068). Specifically, the ε4+/Met+ (N=8) subgroup demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning relative to all other allele subgroups (ε4+/Met-: N=12, ε4-/Met+: N=23, and ε4-/Met-: N=35).
Conclusions: This exploratory study is the first to show that, compared with other allele subgroups assessed, veterans with both ε4 and Met alleles demonstrated the poorest cognitive functioning across several cognitive domains known to be negatively affected in the context of mTBI. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to replicate these findings.
期刊介绍：
As the official Journal of the American Neuropsychiatric Association, the premier North American organization of clinicians, scientists, and educators specializing in behavioral neurology & neuropsychiatry, neuropsychology, and the clinical neurosciences, the Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences (JNCN) aims to publish works that advance the science of brain-behavior relationships, the care of persons and families affected by neurodevelopmental, acquired neurological, and neurodegenerative conditions, and education and training in behavioral neurology & neuropsychiatry. JNCN publishes peer-reviewed articles on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral manifestations of neurological conditions, the structural and functional neuroanatomy of idiopathic psychiatric disorders, and the clinical and educational applications and public health implications of scientific advances in these areas. The Journal features systematic reviews and meta-analyses, narrative reviews, original research articles, scholarly considerations of treatment and educational challenges in behavioral neurology & neuropsychiatry, analyses and commentaries on advances and emerging trends in the field, international perspectives on neuropsychiatry, opinions and introspections, case reports that inform on the structural and functional bases of neuropsychiatric conditions, and classic pieces from the field’s rich history.
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