Contribution to energy conservation and quality improvement of frozen pork via contact/contactless immersion freezing in NaCl solution

High energy consumption and quality deterioration are major challenges in the meat freezing process. In this study, the energy consumption and qualities of frozen pork were investigated using three freezing methods: nonpackaged pork air freezing (NAF), contactless immersion freezing (PIF) and contact immersion freezing (NIF) with NaCl solution as a refrigerant. The results indicated that NIF could improve the energy conservation and freezing efficiency in >4 freezing treatment-times by increasing the unfrozen water content, decreasing the frozen heat load, shortening the freezing time and reducing evaporation loss. NIF could also increase the a* value of the pork and improve the water-holding capacity by facilitating the conversion of free water to immobilized-water. The two immersion freezing methods could reduce freezing-thawing loss and protein loss by alleviating muscle tissue freezing damage. These results provide a suitable application of immersion freezing with energy conservation, high efficiency and good quality of frozen-pork.