采用其他消毒方法或提高污水处理厂的消毒剂用量来应对 COVID-19 大流行?从消毒效率、DBP 的形成和毒性角度看问题

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Xiaobin Liao, Xinyue Liu, Yueyun He, Xueping Tang, Ruanjunjie Xia, Yongjun Huang, Wenhua Li, Jing Zou, Zhenming Zhou, Mazhan Zhuang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在 COVID-19 大流行期间,大多数污水处理厂都增加了消毒剂的用量,以更有效地灭活致病病毒和微生物。然而,这种方法也导致产生更多的消毒副产物(DBPs)。为了确保消毒效率和减少 DBP 的产生,需要采用新的消毒方案。本研究考察了臭氧(O3)、紫外线(UV)、氯气(Cl2)及其组合工艺的消毒效率、DBP 数量和毒性变化。结果表明,O3/紫外线/Cl2 组合的消毒效率最高。氯化产生的 DBPs 最多,而紫外线处理则减少了三卤甲烷 (THM)、卤化酮 (HKs)、卤乙酸 (HAA)、二氯乙腈 (DCAN) 和 N-亚硝基二甲胺 (NDMA) 的生成,降幅分别为 45.9%、52.6%、82.0%、67.95% 和 47%。O3 也大大降低了它们的产量,降幅分别为 99.1%、91.1%、99.5%、100% 和 35%。细胞内有机物 (IOM) 被确定为主要的 DBP 前体,其产生的 DBP 是细胞外有机物 (EOM) 的 2.94 倍。氯化过程中 DBP 生成增加的原因是 IOM 泄漏和细胞膜损伤,这一点已通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)得到验证。对六种消毒方法的 DBP 毒性进行了评估,结果并不一致。使用斑马鱼胚胎实验对整体毒性进行了评估。这两项评估都表明,仅氯化消毒是最不利的方法。此外,毒性还遵循一个顺序:Cl2 ≈ O3/Cl2 > O3 > O3/UV/Cl2 > UV > UV/Cl2。这些研究结果可为污水处理厂选择适当的消毒方法提供参考,以便从综合角度控制 COVID-19 的流行。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Alternate disinfection approaches or raise disinfectant dosages for sewage treatment plants to address the COVID-19 pandemic? From disinfection efficiency, DBP formation, and toxicity perspectives

Alternate disinfection approaches or raise disinfectant dosages for sewage treatment plants to address the COVID-19 pandemic? From disinfection efficiency, DBP formation, and toxicity perspectives

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most sewage treatment plants increased disinfectant dosages to inactivate pathogenic viruses and microorganisms more effectively. However, this approach also led to the production of more disinfection by-products (DBPs). To ensure both disinfection efficiency and a reduction in DBP formation, new disinfection protocols are required. In this study, the disinfection efficiency, DBP amounts, and toxicity changes resulting from ozone (O3), ultraviolet (UV), chlorine (Cl2), and their combined processes were examined. The results demonstrated that the O3/UV/Cl2 combination achieved the highest disinfection efficiency. Chlorination produced the most DBPs, whereas UV treatment reduced the formation of trihalomethane (THM), halogenated ketones (HKs), haloacetic acids (HAA), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by 45.9%, 52.6%, 82.0%, 67.95%, and 47%, respectively. O3 also significantly reduced their production by 99.1%, 91.1%, 99.5%, 100%, and 35%. Intracellular organic matter (IOM) was identified as the primary DBP precursors, producing 2.94 times more DBPs than extracellular organic matter (EOM). The increased DBP formation during chlorination was attributed to IOM leakage and cell membrane damage, which was verified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The toxicities of DBPs were evaluated for six disinfection methods, revealing inconsistent results. The overall toxicities were assessed using zebrafish embryo experiments. Both evaluations indicated that chlorination alone was the least favorable method. In addition, the toxicities followed a sequence: Cl2 ≈ O3/Cl2 > O3 > O3/UV/Cl2 > UV > UV/Cl2. These findings can serve as a reference for sewage treatment plants in selecting appropriate disinfection methods to manage the COVID-19 epidemic from comprehensive perspective.

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来源期刊
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
988
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) is an international journal for researchers interested in a wide range of environmental disciplines. The journal''s aim is to advance and disseminate knowledge in all main branches of environmental science & engineering. The journal emphasizes papers in developing fields, as well as papers showing the interaction between environmental disciplines and other disciplines. FESE is a bi-monthly journal. Its peer-reviewed contents consist of a broad blend of reviews, research papers, policy analyses, short communications, and opinions. Nonscheduled “special issue” and "hot topic", including a review article followed by a couple of related research articles, are organized to publish novel contributions and breaking results on all aspects of environmental field.
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